BACKGROUND Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is largely overlooked in children and adolescents because the condition is not widely viewed as a pediatric disorder. This study aimed to clarify the causes, best treatment approaches, and prognosis for young patients with TOS. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on 13 patients, from 4 to 13 years of age, with TOS. Ten children underwent surgi...

Certain vitamin E analogues, such as alpha-tocopheryl succinate (alpha-TOS), exhibit in vivo anti-tumour activity and, in vitro, induce apoptosis of cultured tumour cells. In the present study we report that these effects may be explained, at least in part, by destabilization of lysosomal membranes. alpha-TOS, but not alpha-tocopheryl acetate or alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TOH), induced early lysos...

BACKGROUND Oxidative stress parameters such as total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) have been studied in breast, thyroid, and simple esophageal cancers (EC). We evaluated these parameters in patients with EC and analyzed their correlations with treatment outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Serum TOS, TAS, and OSI in 92 patients with EC at diffe...

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a frequently overlooked peripheral nerve compression or tension event that creates difficulties for the clinician regarding diagnosis and management. Investigators have categorized this condition as vascular versus neurogenic, where vascular TOS can be subcategorized as either arterial or venous and neurogenic TOS can subcategorized as either true or disputed. ...

This memo defines a new TOS value for requesting that the network minimize the monetary cost of transmitting a datagram. A number of additional new TOS values are reserved for future experimentation and standardization. The ability to request that transmission be optimized along multiple axes (previously accomplished by setting multiple TOS bits simultaneously) is removed. Thus, for example, a ...

A case of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) treated at the University Hospital of the West Indies, Jamaica, is presented. The diagnosis, investigation and management of TOS are discussed.

BACKGROUND Proper management of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) requires an understanding of the underlying causes of the disorder. A comprehensive examination process, as described in Part 1 of this review, can reveal the bony and soft tissue abnormalities and mechanical dysfunctions contributing to an individual's TOS symptoms. OBJECTIVE Part 2 of this review focuses on management of TOS. ...