the current treatment of choice for cutaneous leishmaniasis is either parenteral or intralesional antimonial compounds. each of these treatments has its own downfalls which include toxic side effects with the parentral injection and pain at the site of injection with the intralesional injection. in recent years, there has been more focus on paromomycin as an alternative drug; however, current d...

recalcitrant gingival erythematous lichen planus lesions comprise a considerable therapeutic problem. this case of chronic desquamative gingivitis in a 25-year-old woman with erosive oral lichen planus was treated with topical and systemic corticosteroid administration, followed by placement of a free gingival graft on right upper quadrant. although recurrence of the lesions was observed follow...

Introduction: Otorrhea and granulation tissue in Canal Wall Down mastoidectomy (CWD) is the common problem in cholesteatoma removal and leads to many discomfort for both the patient and the physician. The main objective in CWD is creating the dry cavity, so the topical antibiotic and acetic acid in variable saturations are used for this purpose. In this study we evaluate the effectiveness of to...

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the improvements of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) treated with topical dorzolamide. These observational case studies included nine eyes of the nine patients with CSC, treated by a physician with topical dorzolamide consecutively over a one-month period. The central macular thickness and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were measured...

Pityriasis lichenoides is an uncommon, acquired, papulosquamous disorder that exhibits various clinical presentations, including acute, chronic, and febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha- abermann forms. Pityriasis lichenoides chronica (PLC) is the chronic form of this continuum. Its treatment is challenging for patients and clinicians and some cases are multidrug resistant. Today, this disorder has man...

purpose: to compare the efficacy and safety of topical mitomycin- c 0.01% versus dexamethazone phosphate 0.1% in patients with refractory vernal keratoconjunctivitis (vkc). methods: in this double blind randomized clinical trial, patients with refractory vkc were randomly assigned to treatment with topical mitomycin-c 0.01% eye drops (n=27) or dexamethazone phosphate 0.1% (n=27), four times dai...

hand eczema is a common distressing skin problem. it is an immune reaction to haptens. thus, substances that inhibit immune system can be effective in the treatment of hand eczema. in this study, topical fumaric acid 5% cream is compared with topical steroid in the treatment of hand eczema. patients with hand eczema were randomly divided into two groups. one group received fumaric acid 5% in a ...

Estrogen promotes cutaneous wound healing in ovariectomized (OVX) female mice. However, the effects of topical estrogen application on wounds remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of topical estrogen application on wounds with standard treatment methods. Eight-week-old C57BL/6J female mice underwent OVX and received two full-thickness wounds four weeks late...

to determine whether the medical treatment of anal fissure can be an effective alternative for surgery methods: retrospectively, we randomly selected 190 patients being treated for anal fissure between the years 2005-2010 in 3 equal groups: group a: patients who received medical treatment with topical nitroglycerin, group b: patient treated with topical diltiazem, and group c: patients underwen...