The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of toothbrushing followed by fluoride rinsing, fluoride gel brushing, or fluoride gel dentifrice brushing alone in controlling the demineralization that often follows orthodontic treatment. Seventy-eight consecutive adolescent patients undergoing orthodontic care were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (control) used a low-potency, high-fre...

BACKGROUND The evidence on the safety of topical preparations containing botanical extracts is limited. OBJECTIVES To assess (i) the use of botanically derived compounds in a large population, (ii) the incidence of cutaneous side-effects, and (iii) the diagnostic usefulness of patch testing. METHODS A questionnaire was used in 2661 patients to assess both the prevalence and type of topical ...

OBJECTIVES To document and evaluate the outcome of side to side comparisons of different corticosteroids in determining the most effective topical treatment for individuals admitted to hospital for control of atopic dermatitis. METHODS Retrospective case note study of 82 admissions (66 children) to a children's hospital for treatment of atopic dermatitis between 1 June 1993 and 31 October 199...

OBJECTIVE 1) Assessment of the frequency of contact sensitization to selected excipients of dermatological topical preparations and cosmetics in patients with chronic eczema. 2) Detection of the sources of sensitization. METHODS 1,927 patients with chronic eczema (mean age 44.3 years, 601 males, 1,326 females) were patch tested with selected excipients. RESULTS The main rates of sensitizati...

After more than a decade of use, topical minoxidil solution has proven to be a safe and effective treatment for androgenetic alopecia. However, some patients present with complaints of pruritus and scaling of the scalp. The most common causes of these symptoms include irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, or an exacerbation of seborrheic dermatitis. Patients suffering from a...

The effects of two topical nasal preparations on human nasal ciliary beat frequency in vitro and on nasal mucociliary clearance in vivo were investigated. Betamethasone and betamethasone with neomycin drops were found to be ciliotoxic when ciliated epithelium was exposed to them in vitro, mainly owing to the effects of the preservatives benzalkonium chloride and thiomersal. The nasal mucociliar...

The delivery of medications through the skin has long been a fascinating as well difficult subject study. For different medications, topical drug administration brought substantial benefits over systemic route, one most important which is reduced toxicity due to minimal or no exposure non-target organs. Because its simplicity and affordability, preferred method for delivering medicinal substanc...

OBJECTIVES Research in residential homes has been limited to date and the extent of systemic and topical antimicrobial prescribing is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial prescribing in residential homes in Northern Ireland (NI). METHODS Point prevalence studies (PPSs) were completed in November 2010 (PPS1) and April 2011 (PPS2) in 30 residential homes. Data...

OBJECTIVE To examine clinical associations, family history of rosacea, and response to treatment in prepubertal children with steroid rosacea. DESIGN Retrospective case-series evaluation of children younger than 13 years with steroid rosacea seen over an 8-year period (1991-1998). SETTING Ambulatory care university hospital. PATIENTS Referral patients from pediatricians serving a populati...

Joint pain is one of the most common complaints with many possible causes.Some medicines used for joint pain relief such as NSAIDs have substantial and frequent side effects. Topical route possibly reduces adverse reactions by maximizing local delivery and minimizing systemic toxicity. Throughout history, plants have been the most important sources of medicines for human health and Iranian Trad...