The HIV reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, tenofovir, was recently formulated into a vaginal gel for use as a microbicide. In human trials, a 1% tenofovir gel inhibited HIV sexual transmission by 39% and, surprisingly, herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) transmission by 51%. We demonstrate that the concentration achieved intravaginally with a 1% tenofovir topical gel has direct antiherpetic activity. ...

OBJECTIVES This study was designed to assess the dose-response relationship between tissue, blood, vaginal and rectal compartment concentrations of tenofovir (TFV) and tenofovir diphosphate (TFVdp) and ex vivo rectal HIV suppression following oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and rectal administration of TFV 1% vaginally-formulated gel. DESIGN Phase 1, randomized, two-site (US), double...

PURPOSE Topical glyceryl trinitrate heals anal fissures, but a majority of patients experience headache. Topical gels of the calcium channel blocker diltiazem and the cholinomimetic bethanechol significantly lower anal sphincter pressure in volunteers. This study investigated the use of these two new pharmacologic agents in the treatment of patients with chronic anal fissure. METHODS Two stud...

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of topical application of fluoride gel on artificial secondary caries around adhesive restorations. Materials and Methods: Two box-shaped cavities were prepared on both buccal and lingual dentin surfaces of bovine roots. Each cavity was restored with either a non fluoride-releasing adhesive, Clearfil SE Bond/a resin composite, Clearfil AP-X (AP-X), or an experime...

INTRODUCTION Topicals are a mainstay in psoriasis vulgaris treatment and are used concomitantly even in patients receiving systemic therapy. Patient acceptance of topical treatment can impact adherence and, consequently, real-life effectiveness. This study aimed to identify patient preferences for topical treatment attributes and to evaluate patient acceptability of topical treatments. METHOD...

Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is a major cause of corneal blindness in the world. Following the primary infection, the virus enters into a latent phase. Recurrent infectious or immune keratitis cause structural damage to the cornea, scarring, and may lead to blindness. Several commercially available topical and oral antiviral drugs for HSK are currently available. However, toxicity and low pat...

The objects of this study were to develop the topical usage of ibuprofen gel and evaluate the permeability status of the prepared gel. Ibuprofen gel was prepared by incorporation of mustard oil and ethanol for improving the ibuprofen release in the topical preparation at different ratio low, medium and high concentration. In general marketed ibuprofen gel, ointment or creams contain ibuprofen a...

Biofreeze, a topical analgesic, is commonly used as a coupling medium during therapeutic ultrasound to add greater relief of pain, although it may block transmission of ultrasound energy. Our objective was to compare a mixture of 1-part Biofreeze and 3-parts ultrasound gel to 100% ultrasound gel to assess intramuscular heating and perceived sensation of heat. Fifteen participants received a con...

Some topical fluorides cause surface changes in dental materials. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a topical acidulated phosphate sodium fluoride (1.23% APF) foam with the effects of other topical fluorides on the surface of veneer porcelain. Forty porcelain specimens (Ceramco) were placed into eight groups (N = 5). Four groups were immersed in either 1.23% APF foam, 1.23...

Objective: The present study was aimed to develop topical gel of Clobetasol propionate with the help of carbopol-934 and Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4m as gelling agents. Polymers play major role in various characterization parameters of topical gel such as in vitro release and rheological properties. Methods: Gels were prepared with carbopol-934 and Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4m as gell...