introduction: there are numerous factors that can lead to tooth discoloration after endodontic treatment, such as penetration of endodontic materials into the dentinal tubules during root canal treatment. the aim of this in vitro study was to compare discoloration induced by tooth colored mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) and calcium-enriched mixture (cem) cement in extracted human teeth. method...

However our efforts for an ideal restorative outcome will fall short if we are distracted from the larger picture to focus on teeth and somewhat neglect the importance of gingival health and contour. The goal of modern esthetic dentistry is to achieve both “white” and “pink” esthetics.1 “White esthetics” refers to natural dentition or tooth colored restorations. “Pink Esthetics” refers to the s...

Years ago, the restorative material options for the dental practitioner were limited. Direct placement materials available were either amalgam or silicate. Amalgam has long been recognized as a forgiving restorative material that works well in a variety of circumstances. Advantages of amalgam include cariostatic properties, the ability to work in varied moisture conditions, and quick bulk place...

Conservation tillage is commonly used in regions affected by water and wind erosion. To understand the effects of conservation tillage on soil nutrients and yield, a long-term experiment was set up in a region affected by water and wind erosion on the Loess Plateau. The treatments used were traditional tillage (CK), no tillage (NT), straw mulching (SM), plastic-film mulching (PM), ridging and p...