Background: HLA-G, as a tolerogenic molecule, expressed in cytotrophoblast cells and playing an important role in the suppression of the immune response in maternal decidua. Today Interaction of the extracellular domains of HLA-G protein with cell receptors of immune system, including CD8, LILRB1, LILRB2 and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor KIR2DL4, was well known. Materials and Methods...

CD8(+) T cells become exhausted, inducing cell surface protein programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) as chronic virus diseases or tumors progress, but underlying mechanisms of this are unclear. We previously showed that M-CSF is important for developing tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) from human CD14(+) monocytes. In this article, we identify M-CSF-derived DCs (M-DCs) after stimulation with IL-10 as...

The notion that the mucosal immune system maintains a tolerogenic response to harmless Ags while continually being challenged with microbial products seems an enigma. The aim of this study was to unravel mechanisms that are involved in regulating the development of tolerance under constant microbial pressure. The tolerogenic response to Ags administered via the nasal mucosa is dependent on the ...

The PD-1/B7-H1-mediated induction of T cell apoptosis/anergy as a possible mechanism of immune response failure was studied in 76 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) with normal and low-proliferative response to antigens of M. tuberculosis (purified protein derivative (PPD)). It was revealed that dendritic cells (DCs), generated in vitro from patient blood monocytes with GM-CSF + IFN-α, w...

We have established a comprehensive in vivo mouse model for the CD4(+) T cell response to an "innocuous" versus "dangerous" exogenous Ag and developed an in vivo test for tolerance. In this model, specific gene-expression signatures, distinctive upregulation of early T cell-communication molecules, and differential expansion of effector T cells (Teff) and regulatory T cells (Treg) were identifi...

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for the treatment of leukemia and other immunogenetic disorders. The use of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) that induce the generation/activation of regulatory T (Tr) cells for the treatment of acute GVHD following allogeneic BMT has been recen...

Induction of antigen-specific tolerance is critical for autoimmunity prevention and immune tolerance maintenance. In addition to their classical role as sentinels of the immune response, dendritic cells (DCs) play important roles in maintaining peripheral tolerance through the induction/activation of regulatory T (T(reg)) cells. The possibility of generating tolerogenic DCs opens new therapeuti...