a painful 'sore' on the medial aspect of his left little toe over the preceding month but had pain in the toe intermittently for some years. At the time of presentation the toe was attached only by a piece of thick skin on the lateral side of the toe, good volume peripheral pulses were present in the foot and sensation was normal (Fig. 1). He had no significant past medical history. Radiologica...

[Purpose] This study examined the relationship between toe grip strength and its associated factors by focusing on factors that were suggested to have a relationship with toe grip strength in previous studies, aiming to clarify the factors influencing the toe grip strength of healthy women. [Subjects and Methods] Twelve healthy young women were selected for this study. Their toe grip strength, ...

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to compare toe grip strength and muscle activity during toe grip strength exertion according to the presence/absence of an ankle immobilization belt and to examine the relationship between the differences in muscle activity and toe grip strength. [Subjects] The Subjects were 13 healthy young women. [Methods] We measured toe grip strength and muscle activity d...

elite migration and brain drain trend in iran have undergone a dramatic ascent in the past few decades while we are seriously in need of educated manpower to help accomplish the 20-year national vision. so to consider brain drain is necessary and must be accounted by policymakers in all levels. in the upcoming paper, we study the brain drain as a social problem and elaborate a five-dimensional ...

This paper describes the influence of human toe movement on blood flow and the design of a toe joint passive motion system for preventing pressure ulcers. First, we measured lower extremity blood flow in the foot during active and passive motion of the toe to facilitate the design of new rehabilitation equipment. Also, the flexion and extension angles and the force of the toe joints were measur...

In this paper standing balance control of a biped with toe-joint is presented. The model consists of an inverted pendulum as the upper body and the foot contains toe-joint. The biped is actuated by two torques at ankle-joint and toe-joint to regulate the upper body in upright position. To model the interaction between foot and the ground, configuration constraints are defined and utilized. To s...