IMPORTANCE Nonanatomic factors, such as histologic grade and biomarkers, can guide breast cancer management but are not included in the current TNM staging system. OBJECTIVE To use as an example the triple-negative phenotype (TNP) defined by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) to examine whether such inclusion improves ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the completeness of tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) staging for invasive bladder cancer in the Danish Cancer Registry (DCR). METHODS From the DCR, we retrieved data on TNM stage, year of diagnosis, sex, and age of all-incident invasive bladder cancer patients between 2004 and 2009. Data on comorbidity was obtained from the Danish National Patient Register. We estima...

BACKGROUND For cancer patients, prognosis is strongly influenced by the completeness of tumor removal at the time of cancer-directed surgery or disease remission after nonsurgical treatment with curative intent. These parameters define the relative success of definitive treatment and can be codified by an additional subclassification within the TNM system, the residual tumor (R) classification....

background: this study detected osteopontin (opn) and matrix metalloproteinase-7 (mmp-7) expressions to explore the roles of opn and mmp-7 in the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of nonsmall cell lung cancer (nsclc). materials and methods: a retrospective study was conducted on nsclc tissues ( n = 152; case group) and adjacent nonneoplastic lung parenchyma (adjacent to tumor >5 cm; n = 15...

This study investigated the oxidation behaviours of a TiAl (TNM) alloy oxidized at 650 °C in argon and oxygen. The mass gains were similar both atmospheres up to 200 h oxidation. Between 500 h, increased by 20 % O2 atmosphere. examined triplex oxide scales outer (Ti–Al)O layer-by-layer Mo/Nb-rich oxides on TNM after Ar O2. scale structures formed but differed from those air, respective samples’...

OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of a feedback and educational intervention to increase documentation of clinical tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage among urologists in a statewide quality improvement collaborative. METHODS The Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative (MUSIC) is a consortium of urology practices that aims to improve the quality and cost-efficiency of prostate...

BACKGROUND In this study, we assessed the prognostic value of the lymph node ratio (LNR), established a hypothetical tumor-ratio-metastasis (TRM) staging system and compared it with the 7th edition International Union Against Cancer pathological N (pN) and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) system. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 1343 gastric cancer patients undergoing D2 resection were staged using...