The success of clinically relevant immunotherapies requires reversing tumor-induced immunosuppression. Here we demonstrated that linear polyethylenimine-based (PEI-based) nanoparticles encapsulating siRNA were preferentially and avidly engulfed by regulatory DCs expressing CD11c and programmed cell death 1-ligand 1 (PD-L1) at ovarian cancer locations in mice. PEI-siRNA uptake transformed these ...

MUC1 is a membrane-tethered mucin-like glycoprotein expressed on the surface of various mucosal epithelial cells as well as hematopoietic cells. Recently, we showed that MUC1 suppresses flagellin-induced Toll-like receptor (TLR) 5 signaling both in vivo and in vitro through cross talk with TLR5. In this study, we determined whether phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), a negative regulator of TLR5 ...

Vaccine reactogenicity has complicated the development of safe and effective live, oral cholera vaccines. Delta ctx Vibrio cholerae mutants have been shown to induce inflammatory diarrhea in volunteers and interleukin-8 (IL-8) production in cultured intestinal epithelial cells. Bacterial flagellins are known to induce IL-8 production through Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5). Since the V. cholerae ge...

Abstract Background Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5)-mediated pathways play critical roles in regulating the hepatic immune response and show hepatoprotective effects mouse models of diseases. However, role TLR5 experimental liver regeneration has not been reported. This study aimed to investigate partial hepatectomy (PHx)-induced regeneration. Methods We performed 2/3 PHx wild-type (WT) mice, knock...

BACKGROUND & AIMS Innate immune dysfunction can promote chronic inflammatory diseases of the liver. For example, mice lacking the flagellin receptor Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) show microbial dysbiosis and predisposition to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis. The extent to which hepatocytes play a direct role in detecting bacterial products in general, or flagellin in particular, is ...

BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphisms of Toll-like receptors (TLR) may influence the outcome of Helicobacter pylori infection and play important roles in gastric carcinogenesis. To screen the genetic variants of TLR2 and TLR5, and evaluate their associations with gastric cancer (GC) and its precursors, a population-based study was conducted in Linqu County, Shandong Province, China. METHODS Geneti...

Abstract Flagellins from bacteria in the Lachnospiraceae family are immunodominant antigens inflammatory bowel disease. Flagellin is basic unit of flagella which used for bacterial motility and recognized by toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5). Due to diversity flagellated organisms that reside proximity intestinal epithelium, we asked whether this resulted distinct interactions between commensal flage...

A number of agents are now available for use in protecting against ionizing radiation. These radiation-protective agents, however, have many adverse effects. Efforts have been made to develop new radiation-protective agents for medical application. Here, we investigated whether a compound, polyethylenimine (PEI), which activates Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5)-mediated NF-kB signaling pathways, cou...

The TLRs are important components of the respiratory epithelium host innate defense, enabling the airway surface to recognize and respond to a variety of insults in inhaled air. On the basis of the knowledge that smokers are more susceptible to pulmonary infection and that the airway epithelium of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by bacterial colonizati...

Helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen that causes gastritis and is strongly associated with gastric ulcers, gastric adenocarcinomas, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. In response to H. pylori, interleukin-8 (IL-8) is secreted from host cells to attract components of the innate and adaptive immune systems to the site of infection. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR5 ...