The timing of a cellular event often hides critical information on the process leading to the event. Our ability to measure event times in single cells along with other quantities allow us to learn about the drivers of the timed process and its downstream effects. In this review, we cover different types of events that have been timed in single cells, methods to time such events and types of an...

When talking with someone, we convey intention to each other by verbal and non-verbal behaviors. In consensus building dialogue, the participants need to understand whether they agree or disagree. They reiterate confirmation of partner’s internal state (agreement/disagreement) and reaction for it. In this study, we considered that the timing of listener’s reaction for the confirmation by a spea...

The present study investigated the relationship between individual differences in timing movements at the level of milliseconds and performance on selected cognitive and fine motor skills. For this purpose, young adult participants (N = 100) performed a repetitive movement task paced by an auditory metronome at different rates. Psychometric measures included the digit-span and symbol search sub...

Software timing behavior measurements, such as response times, often show high statistical variance. This variance can make the analysis difficult or even threaten the applicability of statistical techniques. This thesis introduces a method for improving the analysis of software response time measurements that show high variance. Our approach can find relations between timing behavior variance ...

Timing diagrams are useful for capturing temporal specifications in which all mentioned events are required to occur. We first show that translating timing diagrams with both partial orders on events and don’t-care regions to LTL potentially yields exponentially larger formulas containing several non-localized terms corresponding to the same event. This raises a more fundamental question: which...

the root endophytic fungus, piriformospora indica, colonizes roots of a large number of plant species including cereals and brasicaceae. there are several reports indicating that p. indica protects roots from different path-ogens. in the present study, rice plants were pre-inoculated with p. indica and were subsequently infected with fusarium proliferatum, as the causal agent of root rot and cr...

A key step in concurrent real-time system development is to build a model from which the implementation is synthesized. It is thus important to understand the relation between the properties of a model and its corresponding implementation. In this paper, we first build two relations: 1) 2-weakening relations on MITLR formulas, which are used to express real-time properties of the system, and 2)...

During the 1990s employment relations systems in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) experienced a complex, multilevel process of transformation. In this article, we discuss the transformation of employment relations systems under the impact of privatization, foreign direct investment, and pressures for the accession to the European Union enlargement at the enterprise, industry-, and national leve...

The construct validity of maternal mind-mindedness (MM) was investigated in the context of its relations with children's later understanding of mind. MM measures were obtained from infant-mother (N = 52) interactions at 6 months, and from maternal interviews at 48 months. Children's understanding of mind was assessed using theory of mind (ToM) tasks at 45 and 48 months, and a stream of consciou...

The timed automaton model of LV92, LV93] is a general model for timing-based systems. A notion of timed action transducer is here deened as an automata-theoretic way of representing operations on timed automata. It is shown that two timed trace inclusion relations are substitutive with respect to operations that can be described by timed action transducers. Examples are given of operations that...