A simple and reliable method using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) has been developed for the determination of the macrolide antibiotics spiramycin and tilmicosin in meat and fish. The drugs were extracted from meat and fish with 0.2% metaphosphoric acid-methanol (6:4), and the extracts were cleaned up on an Oasis HLB cartridge (60 mg). Positive ioniz...

Mycoplasma gallisepticum is a common etiological cause of a chronic respiratory disease in chickens; its increasing antimicrobial resistance compromises the use of tetracyclines, macrolides and quinolones in the farm environment. Mutant selection window (MSW) determination was used to investigate the propensity for future resistance induction by danofloxacin, doxycycline, tilmicosin, tylvalosin...

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted with 6 different spirochetal strains (4 strains of Leptospira spp. and 2 strains of Borrelia burgdorferi) against 3 antimicrobial agents, commonly used in equine and bovine practice. The ranges of MIC and MBC of amoxicillin against Leptospira spp. were 0.05 - 6.25 microgram/ml and 6.25 - 25.0 microgram/ml, respectively. And the ranges of minima...

Mannheimia haemolytica isolated from feedlot cattle were tested for tulathromycin resistance. Cattle were sampled over a 3-year period, starting 12 months after approval of tulathromycin for prevention and treatment of bovine respiratory disease. Nasopharyngeal samples from approximately 5,814 cattle were collected when cattle entered feedlots (N = 4) and again from the same cattle after ≥60 da...

Objective To investigate antibiotic use in poultry farms in Thailand and estimate the total amount of antibiotics used annually in Thai production of chicken meat. Methods In a single province, we surveyed eight farms in which chickens were raised for meat and interviewed the farms' owners in 2016. The antibiotic use for each chicken was defined as the amount of antibiotic given to the chicke...

The acidity constants of eight macrolides (erythromycin, roxithromycin, oleandomycin, azithromycin, josamycin, tylosin tartrate, tilmicosin and spiramycin) have been determined in acetonitrile-water binary mixtures (30%, 40% and 50% (v/v)) by spectrophotometric method. The pKa's available in literature determined by various methods are compiled in comparison with the value of this work. These r...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical success of whole-flock systemic tilmicosin and enhanced biosecurity in eliminating active contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) from sheep flocks. Thirty flocks in the UK were randomly allocated to receive either treatment as usual (as per the farmer's normal routine) or whole-flock treatment with tilmicosin, together with isolation and ex...

Macrolides are the first-line treatment against bovine respiratory disease (BRD), and are also used to treat infections in humans. The macrolide, tylosin phosphate, is often included in the diet of cattle as a preventative for liver abscesses in many regions of the world outside of Europe. This study investigated the effects of administering macrolides to beef cattle either systemically through...

Ali RASSOULI*, Alwan AL-QUSHAWI, Fatemeh ATYABI, Seyed Mostafa PEIGHAMBARI, Mehdi ESFANDYARI-MANESH, Gholam Reza SHAMS Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehra...