Reduced impact of ischemia after an initial ischemic insult-ischemic preconditioning-has been demonstrated in a number of animal models. Transient ischemic attack (TIA) may produce ischemic preconditioning in people who have a subsequent stroke within days of an initial ischemic insult. We performed a cohort study of all 1707 patients given a diagnosis of TIA by an emergency department physicia...

The RNA-binding protein TIA-1 (T-cell intracellular antigen 1) functions as a posttranscriptional regulator of gene expression and aggregates to form stress granules following cellular damage. TIA-1 was previously shown to bind mRNAs encoding tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), but TIA-1 target mRNAs have not been systematically identified. Here, immunoprecipit...

In the modern opto-electronic transceiver designs, the high-speed frontend circuits of the optical receivers are considerably focused on the circuit designs. Many different topologies have been published since the optical fiber was applied for transmitting high data rate signal. In the optical transceivers, the transimpedance amplifier (TIA) plays a critical role in converting the input current...

Background. An expanding body of research has focused on a range of consequences of TIA. However, no work has been conducted on the patient's subjective experience of TIA. Aim. To capture patients' first-hand experiences of TIA. Method. Using Q-methodology which employs both qualitative and quantitative approaches, 39 statements relating to the clinical, physical, affective, and psychological i...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The recent redefinition of transient ischemic attack (TIA) reclassifies patients with acute infarction on magnetic resonance imaging as ischemic stroke. Redefinition will improve the prognosis of both TIA and ischemic stroke, an epidemiological paradox known as the Will Rogers phenomenon. We sought to quantify the impact of this phenomenon. METHODS Incidence of TIA, ris...

BACKGROUND Higher education is associated with a lower risk of dementia, possibly because of a higher tolerance to subclinical neurodegenerative pathology. Whether higher education also protects against dementia after clinical stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) remains unknown. METHODS Within the population-based Rotterdam Study, 12,561 participants free of stroke, TIA and dementia wer...

Evidence Summary Five to 10 percent of patients presenting with TIA will have a stroke within the following week.1-3 Because guidelines do not mandate hospitalization for patients who have had a TIA or suspected TIA,4,5 validated clinical prediction rules may be used to identify patients who should definitely be hospitalized for expedited evaluation and patients for whom outpatient evaluation i...

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) provides a golden opportunity for stroke prevention. TIA should be treated as a medical emergency with prompt investigations to determine the mechanism of ischemia and subsequent preventive therapy. The risk of stroke after TIA is estimated to be 10%-20% in the first 90 days. The risk is time-dependent with 50% of the risk accruing in the first 48 hours. In this ...

BACKGROUND Canadian data on the characteristics, management and outcomes of patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) are lacking. We studied prospectively a cohort of consecutive patients presenting with TIA to the emergency department of 4 regional stroke centres in Ontario. METHODS Using data from the Ontario Stroke Registry linked with provincial administrative databases, we determine...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The relative risk of ischemic stroke associated with transient ischemic attack (TIA) is not well defined because most studies of stroke after TIA did not include comparison groups. We sought to estimate short-term and long-term relative risks of ischemic stroke associated with clinically diagnosed TIA. METHODS We used data from a population-based case-control study. Cas...