We propose a fast, silent self-stabilizing protocol building a distance-k independent dominating set, named FID. The convergence of the protocol FID is established for any computation under the unfair distributed scheduler. The protocol FID reaches a terminal (also legitimate) configuration in at most 4n+k rounds, where n is the network size; it requires (k + 1)log(n + 1) bits per node. keyword...

Does intruder group size and orientation affect flight initiation distance in birds?— Wildlife managers use flight initiation distance (FID), the distance animals flee an approaching predator, to determine set back distances to minimize human impacts on wildlife. FID is typically estimated by a single person; this study examined the effects of intruder number and orientation on FID. Three diffe...

BACKGROUND Urbanization is the most prevailing cause of habitat transformation worldwide, differing from others by its intense levels of human activity. Despite its obvious impact on wildlife, it is still unclear why and how some species are able to adapt to urban settings. One possibility is that fear of humans and vehicles could preclude most species from invading cities. Species entering urb...

We acquired high resolution multiple phase-cycled bSSFP fMRI datasets in rat brains at 9.4T and separated FID and main echo components based on Fourier analysis. The FID component showed stronger fMRI signals than the main echo component, but it showed stronger correlation with both intracortical veins and cortical surface veins. The fMRI signal from the main echo component could contribute up ...

Hansen and coworkers (Zhang, L; Hansen, E. W.; Helland, I; Hinrichsen, E.; Larsen, Aa.; Roots, J. Macromolecules, 2009, 42 (14), 5189-5195) recently reported on the room temperature crystallinity of a series of ethene-1-hexene copolymers using solid-state 1 H-NMR FID analysis. However, due to the required 10 s blanking time of the receiver vital information in the initial part of the FID was l...

BACKGROUND All organisms may be affected by humans' increasing impact on Earth, but there are many potential drivers of population trends and the relative importance of each remains largely unknown. The causes of spatial patterns in population trends and their relationship with animal responses to human proximity are even less known. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDING We investigated the relations...

Escape behaviors have a great potential as an indicator of the efficacy of management. For instance, the degree of fear perceived by fishes targeted by fisheries is frequently higher in unprotected marine areas than in areas where some protection is provided. We systematically reviewed the literature on how fear, which we define as variation in escape behavior, was quantified in reef fishes. In...

gc-fid and hplc-dad were developed for determination of menadione (mn) and menadione sodium bisulphite (msb). by means of each method, quantitative analysis of msb in commercial pharmaceutical was performed in both direct analysis of msb and analysis of mn by converting msb to mn with sodium carbonate. gc-fid method was carried out on the hp-5 capillary column using nitrogen gas. hplc-dad metho...

Increased encephalization has been linked to a range of behavioural traits and scenarios. However, studies of whole brain size in this context have been criticised for ignoring the role of specific brain areas in controlling behaviour. In birds, the response to potential threats is one such behaviour that may relate to the way in which the brain processes sensory information. We used a phylogen...

was performed in both direct analysis of MSB and analysis of MN by converting MSB to MN with sodium carbonate. GC-FID method was carried out on the HP-5 capillary column GC-FID and HPLC-DAD methods were developed for determination of menadione (MN) and menadione sodium bisulphite (MSB). By means of each method, quantitative analysis of MSB in commercial pharmaceutical using nitrogen gas. HPLC-D...