Abstract With the rapid growth of automobile transport over last century, conflicts between and pedestrian have been viewed as a major concern in urban planning. Elevated underground networks, which compensate for sidewalks at street level provide alternative options pedestrians, developed many cities. networks offer pedestrian–car separation vertical dimension efficient connections transit ser...

A smart city is an urbanization region that collects data using several digital and physical devices. The information collected from such devices used efficiently to manage revenues, resources, assets, etc., while the obtained utilized boost performance throughout city. Cloud-based Internet of Things (IoT) applications could help cities contain gathered citizens, devices, homes, other things. T...

World population has grown dramatically since the Industrial Revolution began 250 years ago. Cities are key elements in this growth, but by 2100, we will all be living cities of one size or another. Here speculate what world look like. First, represents a clean break from past composed hardly any to which is completely dominated cities. Second, continue change qualitatively as they get larger l...

The evolutionary dynamics of minority games based on three generic networks havebeen investigated :Kauffman’sNKnetworks (Kauffman nets), growing directed networks (GDNets), and growing directed networkswith a small fraction of link reversals (GDRNets).We show that the dynamics and the associated phase structure of the game depend crucially on the structure of the underlying network. The dynamic...

the present paper aims for the most part to prove the fact that religious and spiritual places and above all, mosques play major roles within islamic urban areas. they are in fact the basis of civil infrastructures. a historical analysis focusing on where mosques stand in islamic urban areas reveals that mosques have always been the center of development and growth and that they must be studied...