The modulus of elasticity (E) was determined in simple three- and four-point bending for an 0.0175" (3 X 0.008") stainless steel arch wire. Using variable light loads (10-160 g) to limit the elastic deflection of a wire to less than 5% of its beam length, the force-deflection profiles were determined for three nominal span lengths (L = 0.35", 0.75", and 1.00") in three-point bending and three n...

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationships among three flexural strengths of recent dental ceramics using 3-point and 4-point bending tests and biaxial flexural test. Three brands of porcelain for veneering (d.SIGN, Supper porcelain AAA, Vintage Hallo), two injectable ceramics (Empress 2, OPC 3G), and one castable ceramic (Crys-Cera) were used. Twenty bar-shaped and 10 d...

The piezoelectric properties of bone play an important role in the bone remodeling process and can be employed in clinical bone repair. In this study, the piezo-voltage of bone between two surfaces of a bone beam under bending deformation was measured using an ultra-high-input impedance bioamplifier. The influence of shear stress on the signs of piezo-voltages in bone was determined by comparin...

Lower limbs are normally the first contacted body region during car-pedestrian accidents, and easily suffer serious injuries. The previous tibia bending tolerances for pedestrian safety were mainly developed from three-point bending tests on tibia mid-shaft. The tibia tolerances of other locations are still not investigated enough. In addition, tibia loading condition under the car-pedestrian i...

statement of problem: resin composites are a common type of tooth coloured restorative materials. these materials are brittle and their major shortcomings are sensitivity to flaws and defects, low tensile strength, and susceptibility to catastrophic failure.the role of home bleaching agents on the fracture toughness of resin composites using four-point bending test is scanty. objectives: to com...