Tanaman aren (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) merupakan jenis tanaman palma yang hampir keseluruhan bagian tanamannya bisa dimanfaatkan. Beberapa penelitian menyebutkan bahwa bagian-bagian mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, triterpenoid, galaktomanan, dan fenol bertindak sebagai antioksidan. Antioksidan adalah mampu mendonorkan satu elektronnya untu...

A quantum field described by the field operator ∆a = ∆+aδΣ involving a δ-like potential is considered. Mathematically, the treatment of the δ-potential is based on the theory of self-adjoint extension of the unperturbed operator ∆. We give the general expressions for the resolvent and the heat kernel of the perturbed operator ∆a. The main attention is payed to d = 2 δ-potential though d = 1 and...

This paper describes a new layered brain architecture for simulated autonomous and semi-autonomous creatures that inhabit graphical worlds. The main feature of the brain is its division into distinct systems, which communicate through common access to an internal mental blackboard. The brain was designed to encourage experimentation with various systems and architectures. It has so far proven f...

Communication processes rely on the production and interpretation of representations, thus an important issue is to understand what types of representations are involved during the emergence of interpretations. Here we present an experiment to evaluate conditions for the emergence of interpretations of different representation types. To design our experiment, we follow biological inspirations a...

C onservation biologists have reported grow ing evidence o f food-w eb in te rac­ tions as causes o f species endangerm ent. A pparen t com petition is an indirect in terac tion am ong prey species m ediated by a shared p reda to r, and has been increasingly linked to declines o f prey species across taxa. W e review theoretical and em pirical studies o f ap p aren t com petition , w ith specif...

We demonstrate artificial evolution in a system that combines physical simulation with competition between creatures. The simulated creatures are constructed using point masses that are connected by oscillating springs. The creatures pull themselves across their 2D environment by varying the amount of friction at different point masses, giving them sticky feet. Creatures combat one another, and...

Humans as God's most perfect creatures create their own culture and preserve it from generation to generation. Culture is part of the journey human life. Based on history, or something that cannot be separated result creativity. exists because humans develop a variety cultures according needs desires. develops environment. Apart being social creatures, also interact with fellow habits which in ...