Immune-mediator CD40 ligand is expressed on a variety of cell types involved in the immune response and on the cells of the vascular system. Inhibition of CD40 signaling has been associated with reduction of experimental atherosclerosis and transplant-associated vasculopathy. Immune response also plays a cardinal role in intimal thickening after acute arterial-wall injury. After carotid artery ...

Suspensions of fumed silica in polypropylene glycol exhibit shear-thickening under steady shear and "strain-thickening" under oscillatory shear. Strain-thickening refers to a sharp increase in the complex viscosity eta* observed at critical combinations of strain-amplitude and frequency. Two regimes of strain-thickening behavior have been found: The first occurs at high critical strains and low...

The Enskog kinetic theory for moderately dense gas-solid suspensions under simple shear flow is considered as a model to analyze the rheological properties of the system. The influence of the environmental fluid on solid particles is modeled via a viscous drag force plus a stochastic Langevin-like term. The Enskog equation is solved by means of two independent but complementary routes: (i) Grad...

In the very beginning stage of the lung changes are Perivascular, capillary wall edema, thickening of the interstitial, lymph and vascular dilatation.  In the late stage of the shock the following changes will occuree  Microthromboses of the lung capillary, polynulcear in­filtration into the interstitial, the existence of polynu­clear in the alveoli, proliferation of interstitial mesenchy­ma,...

The aim of this study was to assess the value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) for the differentiation of peritoneal thickening of undetermined origin. This retrospective study included 103 patients (44 men and 59 women, age 59.2 ± 14.8 years) who had undergone 18F-FDG PET/CT for the evaluation of peritoneal thickening of undetermined o...

Shear-Thickening Fluids (STFs) are a special Non-Newtonian Fluid that act like a solid when they experience a force. A simple example of this is a mixture of cornstarch and water. In this experiment, I text this mixture’s STF properties by using a ball drop to simulate an impact. By varying the ball drop height (and thus the force upon impact), and observing the bounce height, I determined wher...

Thickening of basal lamina' (BL) which occurs with advancing age (1) and various diseases (4, 7, 10) is most common and severe in patients with diabetes mellitus (2, 8, 6, 12, 14) . The reasons, for. and the mechanism of this thickening have thus far escaped satisfactory explanation . In this communication, we wish to provide new evidence which elucidates the development of thick BL and which d...

Ultrasound has been used to measure diaphragm thickness (Tdi) in the area where the diaphragm abuts the rib cage (zone of apposition). However, the degree of diaphragm thickening during inspiration reported as obtained by one-dimensional M-mode ultrasound was greater than that predicted by using other radiographic techniques. Because two-dimensional (2-D) ultrasound provides greater anatomic de...

fruit yoghurt is frequently made with fermented milk products; however, the use of fruit and its products may cause changes in the viscoelastic properties, syneresis and sensory properties of fruit yoghurt. one approach to improve these properties in fruit yoghurt is the use of thickening agents. this study investigated the effect of carboxymethyl cellulose and guar thickening agents on the pro...