Most dyes related to trypan blue inhibited hemolytic activity of oligonucleotide-streptolysin S (SLS) complex, an exotoxin produced by Streptococcus pyogenes. Order of the inhibition was: trypan blue greater than benzo blue 2B greater than Congo red greater than Evans blue greater than benzo purpurine 4B greater than thiazine red greater than trypan red. When resting streptococcal cells were in...

A thiazine dye reductase has been described in endothelial cells that reduces methylene blue (MB), allowing its uptake into cells. Because a different mechanism of MB uptake in human erythrocytes has been proposed, we measured MB uptake and reduction in this cell type. Oxidized MB (MB(+)) stimulated reduction of extracellular ferricyanide in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, reflectin...

Toluidine blue is a basic thiazine metachromatic dye with high affinity for acidic tissue components, thereby staining tissues rich in DNA and RNA. It has found wide applications both as vital staining in living tissues and as a special stain owing to its metachromatic property. Toluidine blue has been used in vivo to identify dysplasia and carcinoma of the oral cavity. Use of toluidine blue in...

Aiming for the synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds containing a sulfonamido moiety suitable for use as antibacterial agents, the precursor ethyl {[4-N-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)sulfamoyl]phenylazo}cyanoacetate was reacted with a variety of active methylene compounds producing pyran, pyridine and pyridazine derivatives. Also, the reactivity of the precursor hydrazone towards hydrazine deri...

The synthesis, X-ray crystal structures and anion recognition properties of two receptors containing thiazine-1,1-dioxide heterocycles as hydrogen bond donating subunits are reported. The newly synthesized receptors display much different anion selectivities in acetone-d₆ than N,N'-diphenyl-1,3-disulfonamidobenzene that was used as a comparison. The selectivity exhibited by one of the new recep...

Methylene blue is a cationic thiazine dye useful in staining parathyroid glands during surgical resection. There have been a number of reports of altered neurologic status postoperatively in patients who are taking antidepressant medications when they received methylene blue for their surgery. We present a case report and review 30 additional cases that have been reported in the literature. It ...