Superstition is an unreasonable and non-scientific belief that roots in the world of imagination, mixed with culture and accepted by the community members as a natural phenomenon. Superstition not only blocks the development process but also has numerous negative effects. The main objective of the research is to study the social factors influencing superstition among students of Islamic Azad Un...

This study explores the relationships between intergenerational social class mobility and attitudes towards immigration. We interpret a failure to keep up with parental (i.e., downward mobility) as an indicator that individual’s status achievements lag behind expectations contribute subjective feelings of loss decline. An innovative feature this is we investigate both whether experience – micro...

People tend towards wishful thinking, in which they overestimate the probability of favorable outcomes and underestimate the probability of unfavorable outcomes. Many explanations for this phenomenon focus on its irrationality. We explore whether wishful thinking could actually help people make better decisions given that they have limited cognitive resources. We consider a situation in which m...

imported instructional English textbooks in Iran and the learners’ attitudes towards English. Further, the instructors’ awareness of these ideologies was examined through a questionnaire. To find the ideological values, a content analysis of conversations, texts, and  pictorial prompts in Spectrum and True to Life English textbook series was conducted and the extant ideologies were categorized ...

Behavioral problems in cats have drawn more attention in recent years since they affect the cat-owner relationship. This study was designed to study the rate of cats with undesirable behaviors according to their owners. Frequency of behavioral problems in 167 cats attending Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, was evaluated using a questionnaire. Accordin...

People tend to believe that their own judgments are less prone to bias than those of others, in part because they tend to rely on introspection for evidence of bias in themselves but on their lay theories in assessing bias in others. Two empirical consequences of this asymmetry are explored. Studies 1 and 2 document that people are more inclined to think they are guilty of bias in the abstract ...