The applicability of the laws thermodynamics to processes on Earth is discussed and it shown that chemical provides reasonable basis for predicting probable changes. historical evolution planet considered in framework Harari approach; a civilization’s level estimated by Kardashev scale based amount energy able use. During short interval (≈500 years), when effect biological imperceptible main ch...

Abstract The addition of artificial pinning centers has led to an impressive increase in the critical current density ( J c ) superconductors, enabling record-breaking all-superconducting magnets and other applications. superconductors reached ~0.2–0.3 d , where is depairing density, numerical factor depends on optimization. By modifying λ and/or ξ, penetration depth coherence length, respectiv...

Purpose. research from thermodynamic positions of the properties ecological systems various types under influence anthropogenic factors. Methods. Analytical-synthetic method, analysis information sources, entropy analysis. Results. The effect an factor on ecosystem will result in a decrease antientropy components. response be different depending strength and duration disturbance. With strong su...

Examples of irreversible thermodynamic theory of nonlocal phenomena are given, based on generalized entropy current. Thermodynamic currents and forces are identified to derive the Guyer-Krumhansl and Cahn-Hilliard equations. In the latter case Gurtin's rate dependent additional term is received through the thermodynamic approach.

Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic exponent p ≥ 1. Let G be a connected reductive algebraic group over k and let g be the Lie algebra of G. Note that G acts on G and on g by the adjoint action and on g by the coadjoint action. (For any k-vector space V we denote by V ∗ the dual vector space.) Let GC be the reductive group over C of the same type as G. Let UG be the variety...