The objective of the present work is to correlate the timedependent flow characteristics of cryogen sprays to the induced thermal dynamics at the surface of a human skin model. First, a numerical analysis to evaluate our skin model is carried out. Next, diameter and axial velocity of droplets impinging onto the skin model are measured. Diameter, velocity and surface temperature are acquired sim...

In this study two commonly used steels in boiler plants, i.e. (SAE-213) T-22 and SA516 (Grade-70) were coated with different thermal spray processes namely HVOF and cold spray. The coating powder used was made up of NiCrTiCRe powder. The performance of the coated as well as uncoated material was investigated using a pin-on-disc machine [Model: Wear and Friction Monitor Tester TR-20], supplied b...

The thermal management of high heat fluxes is a critical roadblock in the way of higher-performance microelectronics. The ongoing reduction in microtransistor size translates into heat fluxes comparable to those encountered in nuclear reactions and rocket nozzles, but under much severer temperature constraints. Although the average heat flux may remain in the vicinity of 100 to 300 W/cm, the pe...

Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) protects the epidermis from unintended heating during cutaneous laser surgery. The present work investigated the time-dependent flow characteristics of cryogen sprays and correspondent thermal dynamics at the surface of a human tissue phantom. First, a numerical analysis was carried out to evaluate an epoxy block substrate as a human tissue phantom. Next, the velocit...

The major physicochemical processes involved in an industrial HVOF thermal spray process (Diamond Jet hybrid gun, Sulzer Metco, Westbury, NY) are studied by a comprehensive multiscale model. The model includes continuum type differential equations that describe the dynamics of gas phase and particles of different sizes, and a rule-based stochastic simulator that predicts the evolution of coatin...

A spray-dried powder formulation obtained from the fermentation broth of the fungus has been developed. The effect of different additives (carriers and binders) on thermal deactivation of xylanase has been evaluated at 60°C. Addition of carriers and binders improves half-life by 6.6-7.0 folds, whereas the synergistic effect of carrier and binder enhances the half-life by 27.5 folds. Under the o...

Allergic rhinitis is a common nasal disorder with a high impact on quality of life, high social costs in therapies, and a natural development towards asthma. Pharmacological therapy is based on several genres of medications, of which intranasal corticosteroids are currently the most widespread. Thermal water treatment has traditionally been used as adjunctive treatment for chronic rhinitis and ...

ullite is widely used as a structural material for applications like thermal and environmental barriers coatings. For some of these applications, hermal spray is a suitable technique due to its fast production time and versatility. This makes mullite a very interesting coating material for thermal pray industry. In the present work, the viability to produce coatings by thermal spray using mulli...