Fluctuating stresses imposed on a piping system are potential causes of thermal fatigue failures in energy cooling systems of nuclear power plants [4]. These stresses are generated due to temperature fluctuations in regions where cold and hot flows are intensively mixed together. A typical situation for such mixing appears in turbulent flow through a T-junction. In the present work, turbulent m...

The underfilling BGA as an alternative to direct chip attachment for high density packaging technologies have been developed. This paper discusses the thermomechanical and metallurgical effects of underfill material and the resulting improvement in board level reliability for underfilled BGA assemblies. Finite element analysis (FEA) models were developed to predict the thermal fatigue life of t...

The effects of the bond coat species on the delamination or fracture behavior in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) was investigated using the yclic thermal fatigue and thermal-shock tests. The interface microstructures of each TBC showed a good condition without cracking or delamination after flame thermal fatigue (FTF) for 1429 cycles. The TBC with the bond coat prepared by the air-plasma spray ...

Castings of aluminum and plastics are of high importance in the industrial world. They are usually made using permanent metallic moulds for pressure die-castings and injection molding. Die-tools are usually produced from chromium maraging hot work tool steel and are heat treated to hardness between 29 and 48 HRC, 1-3 . Die life is a mayor factor of a die-casting process and it strongly affects ...

OBJECTIVE This paper describes the successful treatment of two patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) using repeated thermal therapy. METHODS Two patients with CFS underwent treatment with prednisolone (PSL), with no satisfactory effect. They were subjected to thermal therapy that consisted of a far-infrared ray dry sauna at 60 degrees C and postsauna warming. The therapy was performed ...