Thermal underfills are crucial to support integration density scaling of future integrated circuit packages. Therefore, a sequential process using hierarchical selfassembly of microand nanoparticles is proposed to achieve percolating thermal underfills with enhanced particle contacts. The three main process steps hereby are assembly of filler particles by centrifugation, formation of nanopartic...

Thermal evaporation of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) is performed with or without an activation of volatile fragments in an rf glow discharge. Without plasma assistance evaporated films are a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons. These films are not stable in contact with water. The activation in plasma enhances cross-linking and the films become hydrocarbon plasma polymers. However, th...

We analyze how a quantum-gravity-induced change in the number of thermal dimensions (through modified dispersion relation) affects geometry and thermodynamics charged black hole. To that end we resort to Kiselev's solution as impact such modifications have on evaporation rate hole becomes more clear. As an application, study case for which dimension is reduced two.

We demonstrate the epitaxial growth of thin films by thermal laser evaporation. Epitaxial metal oxide are grown evaporating Ni, V, and Ru elemental sources in a variety oxygen-ozone atmospheres on laser-heated substrates. This results NiO (111), VO2 (M1) (020), RuO2 (110) Al2O3 (0001) or MgO (100) The show well-defined crystallographic orientation relationships with substrates, as confirmed in-...

A fraction of the thermal protons in the outer envelope of an X-ray cluster have velocities that exceed the local escape speed from the cluster gravitational potential. The Coulomb mean-freepath of these protons is larger than the virial radius of the cluster at temperatures & 2.5keV. The resulting leakage of suprathermal particles generates a collisionless shock in neighboring voids and fills ...

Cooling demands of advanced electronics are increasing rapidly, often exceeding capabilities of conventional thermal management techniques. Thin film evaporation has emerged as one of the most promising thermal management solutions. High heat transfer rates can be achieved in thin films of liquids due to a small conduction resistance through the film to the evaporating interface. In this thesis...

A transient, three-dimensional model for thermal transport in heat pipes and vapor chambers is developed. The Navier–Stokes equations along with the energy equation are solved numerically for the liquid and vapor flows. A porous medium formulation is used for the wick region. Evaporation and condensation at the liquid–vapor interface are modeled using kinetic theory. The influence of the wick m...

[1] It is proposed, on the basis of an argument of thermodynamic equilibrium, that land-atmosphere interactive processes lead to thermal and hydrologic states of the land surface that maximize evaporation in a given meteorological environment. The extremum principle leads to general equations linking surface energy fluxes to surface temperature and soil moisture. The hypothesis of maximum evapo...