History of isothermic dialysis Sir, The historical review of Francesco Pizzarelli [1] on isothermic dialysis is a valuable review of the physiological and clinical relevant thermal processes during dialysis. The historical part of it is, however, incomplete and misleading. Isothermic dialysis was made available by the BTM (blood temperature monitor) of Fresenius. The physics of thermal energy b...

We employ the Heat Balance Integral Method HBIM to solve a number of thermal and phase change problems which occur in a multitude of industrial contexts. As part of our analysis, we propose a new error measure for the HBIM that combines the least-squares error with a boundary immobilisation method. We describe how to determine this error for three basic thermal problems and show how it can be u...

A diffusion-controlled theory is developed for the formation of a low-pressure, current-free double layer just inside an upstream insulating source chamber connected to a larger diameter, downstream chamber. The double layer is described using four groups of charged particles: thermal ions, monoenergetic accelerated ions flowing downstream, accelerated electrons flowing upstream, and thermal el...

Scientific payloads onboard CubeSats usually have complex geometries and occasionally narrower allowed temperature ranges with respect to the rest of spacecraft. In these cases, capability correctly predict thermal behaviour payload once in orbit is mandatory. To achieve this ability, a balance test required identify model payload. The consists application different external boundary conditions...

Human thermoregulatory control during heat stress has been studied at rest, during exercise and more recently during exercise recovery. Heat balance in the body is maintained by changes in the rate of heat loss via adjustments in skin blood flow and sweating. Independent of thermal control, the actions of nonthermal factors have important consequences in the control of heat loss responses durin...

In internal combustion engines, only about a third of the total fuel input energy is converted into useful work. If the energy rejected into the cooling system and the exhaust gases could be recovered instead and put into useful work, fuel economy would have been substantially improved. The main aim of this research paper was to evaluate the effects of the hybrid nano-catalyst containing ce...

Hey, E. N., and Katz, G. (1970). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 45, 328. The optimum thermal environment for naked babies. The optimum thermal environment in which to nurse a baby naked in an incubator has been defined from a knowledge of the magnitude of the factors affecting thermal balance. Such a neutral environment allows body temperature to remain normal while oxygen consumption and ev...

A thermoelectric gas sensor (TGS) with a combustion catalyst is a calorimetric sensor that changes the small heat of catalytic combustion into a signal voltage. We analyzed the thermal balance of a TGS to quantitatively estimate the sensor parameters. The voltage signal of a TGS was simulated, and the heat balance was calculated at two sections across the thermoelectric film of a TGS. The therm...