Therapy resistance remains a challenge in the treatment for osteosarcoma (OS). By studying therapy resistance and gaining biological understanding of resistance in OS, novel treatment targets to sensitise OS could potentially be discovered. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the mechanisms of resistance employed by OS cells after cytotoxic treatment, the key molecules involved in ...

background and objectives: urinary tract infections (uti) are one of the most common infectious diseases with different microbial agent and antimicrobial resistant pattern in hospitalized patients and outpatients. in order to assess the adequacy of therapy, knowledge of prevalence and resistance pattern of the bacteria is necessary. the main aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and ...

The benefits of anti-platelet therapy in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) as an adjunct to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are well established (1,2). However, the appropriate response to resistance of anti-platelet therapy remains undefined. Because universal standards and universal definitions of resistance have not been established, conventional wisdom discourages rout...

ulcerative colitis is a mucosal-inflammatory disease that usually involves the rectum and extends proximally to involve all or part of the colon. medications for treatment include anti-inflammatory agents such as 5-asa compounds, systemic and topical corticosteroids and immunomodulators. a 33 year-old female and 52 year-old male both diagnosed with severe active ulcerative colitis who were resi...

Combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection has resulted in profound reductions in viremia and is associated with marked improvements in morbidity and mortality. Therapy is not curative, however, and prolonged therapy is complicated by drug toxicity and the emergence of drug resistance. Management of clinical drug resistance requires in depth evaluation, and includes extensive histor...

Drug-resistant enteric fever is increasingly common in the Indian subcontinent. Correctly determining azithromycin resistance matters where drug-resistant and oral therapy necessary. In two patients returning from Pakistan to UK with cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, gradient strip testing erroneously indicated resistance; errors were detected by repeat confirmed whole ...

The management of non-small cell lung cancer is undergoing a paradigm shift from empirically-selected treatment to personalised therapy, based on the clinical characteristics of patients and the histological and molecular features of their tumours. This has been driven by the identification of oncogenic ‘drivers’ responsible for cancer cell growth and survival, and the development of specific t...