Demand information is an input for a great deal of operations research models. Assumed as given in many problem instances addressed in the literature, demand data are di cult to generate. In this tutorial, we provide an introduction to disaggregate demand models that are designed to capture in detail the underlying behavioral mechanisms at the foundation of the demand.

In this paper, some applications of our earlier results in working with chemical graphs are presented.

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Article history: Received 30 September 2007 Accepted 11 December 2008 Available online30December2008

In this course, one main objective is to demonstrate the wide applicability of operations research tools to real systems. Hence, we will focus on modeling and analysis of various economic and social problems as illustrated by examples from the literature. Although we will not cover any solution technique in depth, we will introduce some new analysis tools that are typically outside the scope of...

An exponential dominating set of graph $G = (V,E )$ is a subset $Ssubseteq V(G)$ such that $sum_{uin S}(1/2)^{overline{d}{(u,v)-1}}geq 1$ for every vertex $v$ in $V(G)-S$, where $overline{d}(u,v)$ is the distance between vertices $u in S$ and $v  in V(G)-S$ in the graph $G -(S-{u})$. The exponential domination number, $gamma_{e}(G)$, is the smallest cardinality of an exponential dominating set....

background: proteolytic enzymes have an important role in variety of physiological and pathological functions. they have been used in therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications. characterizations of extracellular proteases from various strains of s. marcescens indicate that most strains produce a very similar major metalloprotease. this metalloprotease (serrapeptidase, serrapeptase) is an impo...

background and aims: crocus sativus is of medicinal plants possessing many beneficial effects in treatment of various disorders. this study aimed to overview the therapeutic effects of crocus sativus on the basis of reviews and systematic reviews. methods: computerized search of review articles was performed using pubmed, google scholar, scopus and web of science, medline database from 1996 to ...

background: cd52 is a small glycoprotein with a gpi anchor at its c-terminus. cd52 is expressed by normal and malignant t and b lymphocytes and monocytes. there are detectable amounts of soluble cd52 in plasma of patients with cll and could be used as a tumor marker. although the biological function of cd52 is unknown but it seems that cd52 may be involved in migration and activation of t-cells...