Oncology pharmacists face a constant challenge with patients who cannot swallow oral anticancer drugs, making extemporaneous oral liquid preparation a requirement. Improper extemporaneous preparation of these agents, especially with the traditional chemotherapy with a narrow therapeutic index, may increase the risk of over- or underdosing. In community pharmacies, multiple barriers exist that p...

The methodology and criteria for bioequivalence testing have been firmly established by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). For certain drugs with a narrow therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin, levothyroxine, warfarin), generic substitution may not be advisable or even allowable, depending on the substitution laws of individual states. Digoxin and levothyroxine tablets are examples of drugs for...

BACKGROUND Patient self-management (PSM) in adults is safer and more cost effective than conventional management. Warfarin is a narrow therapeutic index drug with individual patient response to changes and frequently a long-term therapy. Children and their families are proposed to be able to effectively manage their child's warfarin therapy. Increased health related quality of life is highly as...

Toxicity is a major deterrent to achieving substantial improvements in cancer management, since most anticancer drugs inadequately distinguish normal and neoplastic tissues. Improving the differential between beneficial and toxic effects of therapy--therapeutic index--is a major clinical objective, but therapeutic index for cytotoxic drugs is narrow. Fresh tumor and normal cells from 59 patient...

OBJECTIVE Tablet splitting is frequently performed to facilitate correct dosing, but the practice and implications in low-income settings have rarely been discussed. METHODS We selected eight drugs, with narrow therapeutic indices or critical dosages, frequently divided in the Lao PDR (Laos). These were split, by common techniques used in Laos, by four nurses and four laypersons. The mean per...

INTRODUCTION The potential for ezogabine/retigabine (EZG/RTG) and its N-acetyl metabolite (NAMR) to inhibit the transporter protein P-glycoprotein-(P-gp)-mediated digoxin transport was tested in vitro. EZG/RTG did not inhibit P-gp. However, NAMR inhibited P-gp in a concentration-dependent manner. Based on these in vitro results, NAMR had the potential to inhibit P-gp at therapeutic doses of EZG...

Cancer chemotherapeutic agents often have a narrow therapeutic index that challenges the maintenance of a safe and effective dose. Consistent plasma concentrations of a drug can be obtained by using a timed-release prodrug strategy. We reasoned that a ribonucleoside 3'-phosphate could serve as a pro-moiety that also increases the hydrophilicity of a cancer chemotherapeutic agent. Herein, we rep...

ayurveda, manoeuvres mankind to head a healthy life in order to pursue four-fold bliss. with a view to combat physical and mental annoyances, classics have explicated two-fold therapeutic modalities; langhana/depletion and brihmana/nourishing. upavasa /fasting is one among ten depletion therapies explained. it is envisioned at all three levels of ayurvedic therapies- rational/objectively planne...

cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of human morbidity and mortality despite significant therapeutic improvements by surgical or pharmacological approaches in the last decade. micrornas (mirnas) have a significant role in diseases development or response to treatment. in this review, we summarized the role of mirnas in the pathogenesis or the treatment of coronary artery disease ...