esl/efl books play a crucial role in shaping language learners worldview of gender roles in society. the present study investigated the status of sexism in two sets of efl textbooks, one developed by non-native iranian authors (ili series) and the other by native authors (top notch series). first, two books from each series was selected randomly. then, a quantitative analysis was carried out wi...

the present study sought to examine whether a task-based approach could have an impact on raising awareness of collocations. moreover, it sought to investigate the facilitative role of consciousness-raising tasks of collocations in the communicative instances of use. to this end, 68 intermediate learners of english were selected via a placement test. the participants were taught with classroom ...

 Background and purpose: About 50% of infertility in couples is related to male factors and oxidative stress is one of the main causes of infertility in men. Hydrogen peroxide has an adverse effect on male reproductive system due to its free radicals. Spirulina and phycocyanin are known to have antioxidant properties and can modify stressors. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, ...

this thesis attempts to investigate the effects of prelistening activities on enhancing iranian efl learners` listening comprehension. the present study investigated ways in which learners` background knowledge could be activated in order to enhance their l2 listening comprehension by limiting the number of possible text interpretations prior to listening. the experiments conducted in this stud...

Background and purpose: Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurological disorders. In such stressful conditions, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) protects cells, thus its pharmacological induction can be protective. The disaccharide trehalose exhibits various beneficial effects, including antioxidative effect. However, its impact on HSP70 is not obvio...

Introduction: March medicinal plant with the scientific name of Peganum harmala L., is considered as herbaceous species which is traditionally used as an antimicrobial drug in the treatment of infectious diseases. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial effect of Peganum harmala smoke and hydrogen peroxide solution on the microbial load in the hospital wards. Methods: This study was a tr...

Mixed spinel nanocrystals have captured the attention of scientist in the field for their catalytic activity in decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. In this study nanocatalysts MnFe2O4, Co3O4, Pb3O4, Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 and Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 were synthesized by co-precipitation method. The synthetic samples were characterized by XRD patterns, SEM images and IR spectroscopy. The size of the nanoparticl...

Background: The reaction of natural organic matters (NOMs) with chlorine in the conventional disinfection process results in disinfection by-products (DBP) such as trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. Due to the potential health risks of trihalomethanes for public health, it has attracted a lot of attention. The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of combined Fenton-ultraso...