The relationship between the Tibetan prelate Tāranātha (1575-1634) and his major patrons, the various sDe pa of gTsang is a most complex one. In studying it I am increasingly aware that the wealth of detail to be gleaned from the various relevant texts is not just limited to the narrow study of the lives of just a few people, in this case those of Tāranātha and the various rulers of gTsang. Ind...

Auditors demand financial models be transparent yet no consensus exists on what that means precisely. Without a clear modeling transparency definition we cannot know when our models are ‘transparent’. The financial modeling community debates which methods are more or less transparent as though transparency is a quantifiable entity yet no measures exist. Without a transparency measure modelers c...

organizational transparency has been considered by many experts in the past two decades. in the previous studies more attention has been taken to disclosure of the information; and the relations between the concepts of organizational transparency, organizational culture and performance has not been considered in this article as set forth. therefore, current research has been studied the effect ...

Transparency and accountability are often regarded as crucial for good governance and the efficient organization of public affairs. To systematically explore the impact of transparency and accountability on cooperation, we conduct a series of laboratory experiments on a variation of the public good game with asymmetric agents. While (standard) agents may only contribute to the public good, some...

Transparency is a requirement of businesses and their information systems. It is typically linked to positive ethical and economic attributes, such as trust and accountability. Despite its importance, transparency is often studied as a secondary concept and viewed through the lenses of adjacent concepts such as security, privacy and regulatory requirements. This has led to a reduced ability to ...

Transparency is crucial in security-critical applications that rely on authoritative information, as it provides a robust mechanism for holding these authorities accountable for their actions. A number of solutions have emerged in recent years that provide transparency in the setting of certificate issuance, and Bitcoin provides an example of how to enforce transparency in a financial setting. ...

In recent years, many firms have voluntarily taken actions to gradually increase the transparency of their corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts. Using data on a sample of U.S. firms, this paper empirically examines the factors that encourage firms to choose different levels of CSR transparency. This adds to the previous literature that has focused only on the binary decision to engage ...

Internet technology has transformed the nature of business-to-business (B2B) and business-toconsumer (B2C) transaction-making practices. One of the significant areas of impact has occurred with respect to the transparency of markets for end-consumers in many industries, including the market mechanisms, the prices, the quantities bid and offered, and the participating buyers and sellers. In the ...

Transparency of personal data processing is enforced by most Western privacy laws, including the new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) which will be effective from May 2018. The GDPR specifies that personal data shall be processed lawfully, fairly, and in a transparent manner. It strengthens people’s rights for both ex-ante and ex-post transparency and intervenability. Equally important...

Increasing quality transparency is widely regarded as a strong mechanism for improving the alignment between patient choices and provider capabilities, and thus, is widely pursued by policymakers as an option for improving the healthcare system. We study the effect of increasing quality transparency on patient choices, hospital investments, societal outcomes (e.g., patients’ social welfare and ...