The extent of the application of local searches in canonical memetic algorithm is typically based on the principle of “more is better”. In the same spirit, the parallel memetic algorithm (PMA) is an important extension of the canonical memetic algorithm which applies local searches to every transitional solutions being considered. For PMA which applies a complete local search, we termed it as P...

The phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulated nutrophil respiratory burst has been considered to simply involve the activation of protein kinase C (PKC). However, the PLD activity was also increased by 10-fold in human neutrophils stimulated with 100 nM PMA. Unexpectedly, U73122, an inhibitor of phospholipase C, was found to significantly inhibit PMA-stimulated respiratory burst in human neutr...

The effect of the tumor promoter phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) on phagosome-lysosome (P-L) fusion in mouse macrophages has been studied using a previously described (10) fluorescence assay. Treatment with 0.1--1.0 microgram PMA/ml caused a striking increase in the rate and extent of P-L fusion. Exposure of cells to phorbol, free myristate, or the monoesters of PMA did not reproduce this effec...

We have developed a protocol that reveals two antagonistic effects of phorbol-12-myristate-12-acetate (PMA) on the G0-->G1-->S transition of mammalian cell cycle. Balb-3T3 (Clone A31) cells arrested in G0 by serum starvation can be stimulated to traverse the G1 phase and initiate DNA synthesis 12 h later by a 2-h pulse with PMA. In contrast with this early stimulatory effect, PMA has an inhibit...

objective(s): protein kinase c (pkcα) is involved in modulating articular chondrocytes apoptosis induced by nitric oxide (no). hyaluronic acid (ha) inhibits nitric oxide-induced apoptosis of articular chondrocytes by protecting pkcα, but the mechanism remains unclear. the present study was performed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of pkcα regulate protective effect of hyaluronic acid....

The simultaneous detection of substances present in drugs of abuse is increasingly important since some materials are known for their high mortality rate. One drug that received considerable attention is paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA), commonly known as ‘Dr Death’ – this substance is linked with several deaths internationally and can often be found together with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ...

Herein, a mechanism is proposed as to how thin films formed from Heusler compound can simultaneously have both perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and be half‐metallic. It that film half‐metallic full‐Heusler or half‐Heusler cubic in the bulk undergo tetragonal distortion by adopting lattice constant of underlayer material during deposition process. The value this tuned using materials with...

The hepatitis A virus (HAV), which can be a threat to humans, found in oysters. Oysters need sterilization technology that does not cause quality changes because they are eaten raw. Therefore, this study, antiviral effects and were conducted using dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBDP). Total titers of non-PMA- PMA-treated suspensions HAV reduced 0.20–1.05 0.35–1.49 log10 copies/μL, respect...

The effects of forskolin (FSK) and phobol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) on c-fos and c-jun mRNA expressions in rat C6 glioma cells were studied. Both FSK and PMA increased the c-fos mRNA level. The C-jun mRNA level was decreased by FSK, whereas it was increased by PMA. The elevated c-fos mRNA level, induced by FSK or PMA, was significantly inhibited by dexamethasone (DEX). In contrast, DEX did ...