Epilepsy holds an almost unique place in English criminal law. It has resulted in two appeals to the Judicial Committee of the House of Lords, the highest appeal court in the land. This in turn has led to a pair of legal decisions which in many ways have shaped the development of the defence of insanity and its relationship to automatism. This report will provide a unique insight into how the c...

the causation (tasbib) is a ground of liability in law which leads to compensation of damages in civil law and punishment in criminal law. as causation being discussed in both civil law and criminal law separately, it is generally perceived that the causation in civil law is different from that of criminal law. by reviewing the roots and conditions of causation, it becomes clear that the nature...

N.D. Ouart, P.W.L de Grouchy, a) N. Qi, b) J.L. Giuliani, A. Dasgupta, T.A. Shelkovenko, c) 2 S.A. Pikuz, c) D.A. Hammer, B.R. Kusse, J.P. Apruzese, and R.W. Clark 3 Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC 20375 USA 4 Laboratory of Plasma Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA 5 Consultant to NRL through Engility Corp., Chantilly, VA 20151 USA 6 Berkeley Res...

The paper presents the information processing that can be performed by a general hermitian matrix when two of its distinct eigenvalues are coupled, such as λ < λ′. Setting a = λ+λ ′ 2 and e = λ′−λ 2 > 0, the new spectral information that is provided by coupling is expressed in terms of the ratios e |a| (if λλ ′ > 0) or |a| e (if λλ ′ < 0) and of the product |a|e. The information is delivered in...

Several years ago we published in Complexity two articles, one dealing with Zipf’s law in languages [1] and the other with gene evolution [2]. Wentian Li [3, 4] sent to Complexity two comments on these two articles. These comments were published in Complexity without either Li or Complexity bringing them to our attention. As a result we were unaware of the contents of these comments, and we onl...

A system model characterized by networks of service stations is used to study trhoughput and response time as a function of system load, and to characterize the effects of saturation in a system. The results are expressed in terms of only three sets of parameters: the matrix of interstation transition frequencies, the light load service rate of each station, and the service capacity of each sta...

Burmese colonial history suggests that a legal system cannot operate independently from the felt needs of the people who are supposed to obey the law. Despite a monopoly of force for many decades, the British failed to create a sustainable legal system in Burma. Colonial status shifted Burma’s economic role from subsistence agriculture to the generation of large-scale exports. By undermining th...

eLearning offers the exciting opportunity to acquire new material at any time and any place. It is also a means to teach a large number of people simultaneously, which is an important aspect when thinking about challenges in fast growing countries like China. We suggest that the successful usage of eLearning requires the consideration of didactic Nadine Hammer, Andreas Janson, Jan Marco Leimeis...

The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) is exploring the use of Semantic Web approach for statistical production from Big Data sources. While Big Data provides new business opportunities for statistical production, there are significant capability challenges facing the ABS. In particular, there is a compelling need for an integrated analytical platform that can facilitate the representation, ...

The objective of this paper is to introduce an approach to the study of the nonasymptotic distribution of prime numbers. The natural numbers are represented by theorem 1 in the matrix form N . The first column of the infinite matrix N starts with the unit and contains all composite numbers in ascending order. The infinite rows of this matrix except for the first elements contain prime numbers o...