Checksums are routinely used to detect data transmission errors. However, design decisions about which checksum to use are difficult because of a lack of information about relative effectiveness of available options. We study the error detection effectiveness of the Fletcher and Adler checksums for random independent bit errors and burst errors. Our study reveals that in most cases the Fletcher...

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Memoryless quasi–Newton updating formulas of BFGS (Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno) and DFP (Davidon–Fletcher–Powell) are scaled using well-structured diagonal matrices. In the scaling approach, elements as well eigenvalues memoryless play significant roles. Convergence analysis given diagonally methods is discussed. At last, performance numerically tested on...