Recommended by Akbar Rhemtulla We introduce the notion of fuzzy ideals in nearrings with respect to a t-norm T and investigate some of their properties. Using T-fuzzy ideals, characterizations of Artinian and Noetherian nearrings are established. Some properties of T-fuzzy ideals of the quotient nearrings are also considered.

We describe a new breeding behaviour discovered in emperor penguins; utilizing satellite and aerial-survey observations four emperor penguin breeding colonies have been recorded as existing on ice-shelves. Emperors have previously been considered as a sea-ice obligate species, with 44 of the 46 colonies located on sea-ice (the other two small colonies are on land). Of the colonies found on ice-...

Penguins play important roles in the biogeochemical cycle between Antarctic Ocean and land ecosystems. The roles of emperor penguin Aptenodytes forsteri, however, are usually ignored because emperor penguin breeds in fast sea ice. In this study, we collected two sediment profiles (EPI and PI) from the N island near a large emperor penguin colony at Amanda Bay, East Antarctic and performed stabl...

Like many in academia, Kocherlakota associates modern macroeconomics with a particular school of thought that takes something called the “Lucas critique” as its guiding principle. The Lucas critique refers to an argument put forth by the Nobel Prize-winning macroeconomist Robert Lucas about how the changing expectations of economic agents will confound forecasting and policy analysis based on m...

A wealth of evidence indicates that oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) may be of central importance in animal models of atherogenesis. In recent clinical trials, however, dietary vitamin E supplements have not consistently prevented cardiac events in humans with established coronary artery disease. Such mixed results have led many to question the role of LDL oxidation in human atheroscleros...

Laser optical videodisc technology harbors great possibilities for information organization, storage, retrieval and transfer. It is unique in that it permits high-density storage of multi-media, multi-formatted, and multi-dimensional information on a single disc. Thus, it will surely revolutionize libraries and their future services. In regards to international cooperation, the relevant traits ...

Since the Song dynasty, China had sometimes supported a massive navy, which the Mongols expanded to invade Japan in 1274 and again in 1281 and to attack Java. Subsequently, the early Ming navy carried out enormous excursions into Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean from 1403 to 1434. Ming rulers also declined any political accommodation with the Mongols and their nomadic neighbours, a policy th...

A partial linkage map was constructed for the sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivar Emperor Francis from a population of 56 microspore-derived callus culture individuals. The callus cultures were genotyped for two allozymes and 90 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers using 79 random decanucleotide DNA primers and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Eighty-nine markers mapped to 10...