This paper presents a novel analytical technique of examining the avalanche characteristics of cryptographic substitution boxes (s-boxes) using the Walsh Hadamard spectral analysis of their Boolean maps. Avalanche is a desirable cryptographic property that is necessary to ensure that a cipher is not susceptible to statistical attacks and small difference between two plaintexts results in a sign...

Enrichment of zeolite and sponge as ethylene absorbent with potassium permanganate was theidea of this study to provide an efficient way to scavenge ethylene during storage period ofthree Rosa hybrida cv. ‘Shiraz’, ‘Avalanche’, and ‘After-party’ cut flowers. A preliminaryexperiment revealed that two mL of potassium permanganate solution (1 mM) was enough toenrich two gra...

The sailing tracks of single otter trawl vessels were simulated using cubic hermite spline (cHs) interpolation method based on the automatic identification system (AIS) data of 6 sampled vessels that were fishing in the Zhoushan fishing grounds after the close of the fishing season from September 2012 to January 2013.  The vessels’ status (i.e. whether the vessels were fishing or not...

In this paper, we examine the avalanche characteristics of private-key block ciphers constructed using a DES-like architecture. Avalanche is a desirable cryptographic property that is necessary to ensure that a small diierence between two plaintexts results in a seemingly random diierence between the two corresponding ciphertexts. In order to examine the behaviour of DES-like ciphers in relatio...

Numerical modeling of correlated single-electron tunneling in uniform two-dimensional arrays of small conducting islands separated by tunnel junctions shows the possibility of soliton-antisoliton avalanches. Though the time duration of any avalanche and the total charge, DQ5ne , transferred across the array during the avalanche are always finite in arrays with length N larger than certain criti...

Avalanche education has become widely available in the United States, and yet trained recreationists continue to comprise over a third of avalanche victims. Does avalanche education really make a difference? This study investigated the relationship between avalanche education and victim behavior in 344 recreational U.S. accidents, and found that victims with more avalanche training did in fact ...

The sailing tracks of single otter trawl vessels were simulated using cubic hermite spline (cHs) interpolation method based on the automatic identification system (AIS) data of 6 sampled vessels that were fishing in the Zhoushan fishing grounds after the close of the fishing season from September 2012 to January 2013.  The vessels’ status (i.e. whether the vessels were fishing or not) were dete...

A non-Abelian and stochastic self organized criticality model has been proposed in which each avalanche contains one stochastic site and all remaining sites in the avalanche are deterministic. Studies of avalanche structures, waves and size moments showed the shell-like avalanche structures, correlated waves within avalanches and complex size moments. We may assert that the model shows multifra...