Five steers (491 +/- 21 kg BW) were used in an incomplete 5 x 4 Latin square with four 24-d periods to determine the influence of supplemental non-protein N (NPN) source and supplementation frequency (SF) on nutrient intake and site of digestion in steers consuming low-quality grass straw (4% CP). Treatments (TRT) included an unsupplemented control and a urea- or biuret-containing supplement pl...

Dopaminergic neurons in the mesodiencephalon (mdDA neurons) make precise synaptic connections with targets in the forebrain via the mesostriatal, mesolimbic, and mesoprefrontal pathways. Because of the functional importance of these remarkably complex ascending axon pathways and their implication in human disease, the mechanisms underlying the development of these connections are of considerabl...

Five experiments are reported in which young growing or breeding cattle were offered supplements which contained non protein nitrogen (NPN) or protein during winter when grazing carpet grass pastures. Significant and economic increases in growth were obtained when a slowly degradable protein pellet (cottonseed, meat and fish meals) 'was offered twice-aweek when available pasture was in excess o...

After a spinal cord lesion, a myriad of axon growth inhibitors present in myelin and in the neural scar contribute to the failure of injured axons to regenerate. Class 3 semaphorins are repulsive axon guidance cues that are induced in the meningeal fibroblasts that infiltrate the neural scar. Most if not all injured spinal cord neurons, including neurons that form the corticospinal tract (CST),...

The two most abundant secreted isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF(165) and VEGF(121)) are formed as a result of differential splicing of the VEGF-A gene. VEGF(165) and VEGF(121) share similar affinities at the isolated VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2 but have been previously demonstrated to have differential ability to activate VEGFR-2-mediated effects on endothelial cells. Herein w...

Two experiments were conducted to examine the impact of source, urea (U) or Optigen II (OP), and level of dietary NPN on performance (Exp.1) and N balance (Exp. 2) of growing cattle. Sixty Angus crossbred steers (initial BW = 353 ± 13.9 kg) were used to evaluate performance, and fed 1 of 3 steam-flaked corn based diets: U (U(1.2), 1.2% NPN), OP (OP(1.3), 1.3% NPN), or OP without cottonseed meal...

This paper addresses a method to improve the linearity characteristics of power amplifiers by developing a PNP HBT technology and combining the PNP HBTs with NPN HBTs in a push-pull amplifier. InP-based PNP HBTs were fabricated with hfe > 30, BVECO = 5.6 , and fT and fmax of 11 and 31 GHz, respectively, which is the best reported for InAlAs/InGaAs PNP HBTs. Common-collector push-pull amplifiers...

In this paper, we give a new similarity measure on npn-soft set theory which is the extension of correlation measure of neutrosophic refined sets. By using the similarity measure we propose a new method for decision making problem. Finally, we give an example for diagnosis of diseases could be improved by incorporating clinical results and other competing diagnosis in npn-soft environment..

Liquid feed supplements (LFS) have a long history of use in dairy cattle feeding. Initially, LFS were used in lick tanks as a source of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and energy for dry cows and replacement heifers. More recently, with the increased popularity of feeding total mixed rations (TMR), LFS have been marketed with the following claims: • safe and uniform delivery vehicle for micro-nutrie...

Regulation of the VEGF-VEGF receptor system was examined in the urinary bladder after acute (2-48 h) and chronic (10 days) cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis. ELISAs demonstrated significant (P < or = 0.01) upregulation of VEGF in whole urinary bladder with acute and chronic CYP-induced cystitis; however, the magnitude of increase was greater after acute (2-4 h) cystitis. Immunohistochemis...