The function word “le” in Chinese serves as both a sentence final particle (le1) and an aspect marker (le2). As an aspect marker indicating the completion of action, “le” has been observed to be frequently misused by learners of Chinese, among which the overgeneralization of “le” a past-tense marker is the most glaring. Based on “NTNU Chinese learners’ written corpus”, we analyzed the usage and...

We present a sentence compression system based on synchronous context-free grammars (SCFG), following the successful noisy-channel approach of (Knight and Marcu, 2000). We define a headdriven Markovization formulation of SCFG deletion rules, which allows us to lexicalize probabilities of constituent deletions. We also use a robust approach for tree-to-tree alignment between arbitrary document-a...

A learner corpus is a useful resource for developing automatic assessment techniques for implementation in a computer-assisted language learning system. However, presently, learner corpora are only helpful in terms of evaluating the accuracy of learner output (speaking and writing). Therefore, the present study proposes a learner corpus annotated with evaluation results regarding the accuracy a...

The paper describes a learner corpus of Czech, currently under development. The corpus captures Czech as used by nonnative speakers. We discuss its structure, the layered annotation of errors and the annotation process.

Text and context are two essential elements in human communication. Text can not exist in a vacuum. Its production and comprehension are influenced and restricted by context. This paper aims to analyze the relations between context and text with the framework of both traditional context and cognitive context by Sperber & Wilson.