Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is an important infectious disease in Atlantic salmon farming causing recurrent epidemic outbreaks worldwide. The focus of this paper is on tracing the spread of ISA among Norwegian salmon farms. To trace transmission pathways for the ISA virus (ISAV), we use phylogenetic relationships between virus isolates in combination with space-time data on disease occurren...

The Pierre Shale is a marine deposit that accumulated in the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway during the onset of Laramide tectonism in the southern Rocky Mountains region. In the eastern part of the Raton Basin near Trinidad, Colorado, ammonite biostratigraphy suggests that the base of the Pierre Shale lies within or slightly above the Lower Campanian Scaphites hippocrepis III ammonite range...

During the Miocene (23.0–5.3 Ma) North Africa experienced both humid and arid intervals, but underlying cause of these transitions is unknown. Earth's climate was characterized by a unipolar icehouse with dynamic Antarctic ice sheet, which may have influenced regional hydrology through atmospheric teleconnections. However, also witnessed restriction Mesopotamian Seaway, had significant climatic...

Various modeling studies have examined the climatic effects of either Central American Seaway or Indonesian seaway. The co-existence these two tropical seaways may a greater influence than existence single Although dual seaway situation is closer to that reconstructed during Miocene/Pliocene, relevant remain scarce. Here, we investigate co-effects changes on Pacific circulation through set sens...

Ceratopsids ("horned dinosaurs") are known from western North America and Asia, a distribution reflecting an inferred subaerial link between the two landmasses during the Late Cretaceous. However, this clade was previously unknown from eastern North America, presumably due to limited outcrop of the appropriate age and depositional environment as well as the separation of eastern and western Nor...

We report the Narmada Seaway began in India during largest global sea-level transgression and Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2) δ13C excursion late Cenomanian to early Turonian. The progressed eastward Turonian-Coniacian reached Jhilmili by end of Maastrichtian. During this time Godavari Seaways may have joined via Narmada-Tapti rift formed a Trans-India Seaway. history major seaway is entombed fos...

Article history: Received 28 April 2011 Received in revised form 5 August 2011 Accepted 12 August 2011 Available online xxxx

Abstract Orthophragmines are a group of discoidal, lenticular or stellate ‘orbitoidal’ larger benthic foraminifera that thrived in shallow-marine environments low-to-middle latitudes during the late Paleocene and Eocene. They consist two phylogenetically independent families with similar morphology, such as Discocyclinidae (with Tethyan genera— Discocyclina Nemkovella ) Orbitoclypeidae three Or...

The Middle East region represents a key site within the Tethyan domain where continental break-up, collision, backarc extension and escape tectonics are kinematically linked together. We perform global mantle circulation computations to test the role of slab pull and mantle upwellings as driving forces for the kinematics of the Arabia–Anatolia–Aegean (AAA) system, evaluating different boundary ...

The late Paleozoic was characterized by a series of continental collisions and ice ages. Despite the drastic environmental changes, sparse sulfur isotope data hinder our understanding biogeochemical cycle, especially during Early Permian. To overcome this potential bias, we present high-resolution record carbonate-associated sulfate (CAS) pyrite from Carboniferous-Permian successions Svalbard a...