This article places Dmitry Merezhkovsky’s Chiliastic concept of Three Testaments into a unified structure. The author analyzes the writer’s integral system Christological, anthropological, and historiosophicidiomyths meta-symbols. He studies religious, philosophical, aesthetic genesis semantic transformation traditional theological constructions doctrinal compilation Russian fin de siècle cultu...

the present writing seeks to explain the concepts of ummas and the ethnic exclusivism in light of the holy scripture and the concept of ummī (illiterate) and ummiyūn, in the holy qur’ān. is the title ummī equivalent to polytheist and idolater or is it applied to the gentile people? similarly, does the prophet muḥammad’s (s.a.w.) being called ummī in the qur’ān concern his being illiterate, or, ...

this article is the translation of another part of ayatollah ma’rifat’s writing in response to the misconception of the orientalists that “the old and the new testaments” have been the reference source of the qur’an and the qur’anic knowledge and content are adopted from these two scripture. making a comparison between the qur’an and the old and the new testaments in knowledge and doctrine, the...

Introduction At the outset, it is essential to clarify what these few pages are and what they are not. As the title indicates, this is only a starting point. There is a great deal more that needs to be addressed with regard to theology than what can be stated here. Having said that, however, it is my intention to set forth a few very basic definitions for students who may feel a bit overwhelmed...