Pielke, R.A., Schimel, D.S., Lee, T.J., Kittel, T.G.F. and Zeng, X., 1993. Atmosphereterrestrial ecosystem interactions: implications for coupled modeling. EcoL Modelling, 67: 5-18. This paper overviews the important interactions between ecosystem and atmospheric dynamics. Examples of suggested procedures to model these interrelationships are introduced. The concept of equilibrium versus non-eq...

Space weather research involves the study of the Sun and Earth from a systems viewpoint to improve the understanding and prediction of solar-terrestrial variability. There are a wide variety of solar-terrestrial imagery, spectroscopic measurements, and in situ space environmental data that can be exploited to improve our knowledge and understanding of the phenomena and processes involved in spa...

The penetration of solar H Lyman-α radiation into the terrestrial middle atmosphere is studied in detail. The Lyman-α actinic flux is calculated with a Monte Carlo approach including multiple resonance scattering of Lymanα photons within the terrestrial atmosphere and a temperature dependent absorption cross section of molecular oxygen. The dependence of the actinic flux on the temperature prof...

Ample physical evidence shows that carbon dioxide (CO(2)) is the single most important climate-relevant greenhouse gas in Earth's atmosphere. This is because CO(2), like ozone, N(2)O, CH(4), and chlorofluorocarbons, does not condense and precipitate from the atmosphere at current climate temperatures, whereas water vapor can and does. Noncondensing greenhouse gases, which account for 25% of the...

Human activities have increased the number of environmental constraints for olive plants. Water, soil and air pollution are rapidly becoming important environmental concerns for plant growth and productivity. In addition to pollution problems, modifications in gaseous composition of the atmosphere, as well as terrestrial solar radiation changes associated with pollution, are the new factors stu...

Carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange between the terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere is one of the major processes affecting atmospheric CO2 concentration. In various ecosystems in the world long-term observations of CO2 exchange have been made for assessing the role of terrestrial ecosystems in the present-day global CO2 budget and to predict its changes in the future climatic scenario. The edd...

New Rayleigh-scattering optical thickness values for the terrestrial atmosphere in the 260 < lambda < 1500-nm wavelength range have been calculated using updated data on atmospheric optical parameters. The calculations include molecular scattering from water vapor and take into account varying atmospheric composition with altitude. The new Rayleigh-scattering coefficients average 4.5% lower tha...

In Titan's atmosphere, the second most abundant constituent, methane, exists as a gas, liquid and solid, and cycles between the atmosphere and the surface. Similar to the Earth's hydrological cycle, Titan sports clouds, rain and lakes. Yet, Titan's cycle differs dramatically from its terrestrial counterpart, and reveals the workings of weather in an atmosphere that is 10 times thicker than the ...

A high-speed wind tunnel has been used to experimentally simulate the flow experienced by a capsule entering a planetary atmosphere. High speed photography showed that a steady test time of approximately 50 μs existed in the facility. Holographic interferometry has been performed to measure the twodimensional density distribution around a cylinder in the flow. A peak density ratio (density norm...

The increasing numbers of rocky, terrestrial exoplanets known to orbit nearby stars (especially M dwarfs) has drawn increased attention the possibility studying these planets' surface properties, and atmospheric compositions & escape histories. Here we report detection secondary eclipse exoplanet GJ1252b using Spitzer Space Telescope's IRAC2 4.5 micron channel. We measure an depth 149(+25/-32) ...