There is a consensus emerging on the importance of upstream ethical engagement in nanobiotechnology. Such a preventive ethic would anticipate downstream concerns that might arise and mitigate them as part of the research and development process. However, there is an unappreciated tension between the time horizon of upstream ethics and that assumed by most bioethical research. Current standards ...

Careful tuning of the learning rate, or even schedules thereof, can be crucial to effective neural net training. There has been much recent interest in gradient-based meta-optimization, where one tunes hyperparameters, or even learns an optimizer, in order to minimize the expected loss when the training procedure is unrolled. But because the training procedure must be unrolled thousands of time...

This paper examines the volatility and covariance dynamics of cash and futures contracts that underlie the Optimal Hedge Ratio (OHR) across different hedging time horizons. We examine whether hedge ratios calculated over a short term hedging horizon can be scaled and successfully applied to longer term horizons. We also test the equivalence of scaled hedge ratios with those calculated directly ...

this paper proposes a new mathematical model for designing and planning postal parcels carriage and postal networks. the objective of postal network designing is to determine the location, size and connection between the postal stations in a city, province or country. in this paper, a kind of multiple locations-allocations hub problem with limited capacity in collecting, distributing and broadc...

We study interactions with different durations and termination rules in a (quasi) continuous-time prisoner’s dilemma experiment. We find that cooperation is easier to achieve and sustain with deterministic horizons than with stochastic ones; end-game effects emerge, but subjects postpone them with experience; longer duration helps cooperation. Static theories for continuous-time games cannot si...

Standard cosmological equations are written for the Hubble volume, while real boundary of space-time is event horizon. Within unimodular and thermodynamic approaches to gravity, dark energy term in appears as an integration constant, which we fix at horizon obtain observed value constant.

We address the question of thermodynamics of regular cosmological spherically symmetric black holes with the de Sitter center. Space-time is asymptotically de Sitter as r → 0 and as r → ∞. A source term in the Einstein equations connects smoothly two de Sitter vacua with different values of cosmological constant: 8πGT μ ν = Λδ ν as r → 0, 8πGT μ ν = λδ μ ν as r → ∞ with λ < Λ. It represents an ...

1. These notes are the first half of the contents of the course given by the second author at the Bachelier Seminar (February 8-15-22 2008) at IHP. They also correspond to topics studied by the first author for her Ph.D.thesis. 2. Comments are welcome and may be addressed to :

Clinical decision analyses use time horizons that vary from hours to the patient’s entire life. Analyses of decisions with a lifetime horizon commonly use Markov models, which simulate the patient’s lifespan by dividing it into equal periods (cycles). At each cycle, the model exposes a hypothetical cohort to the competing hazards of normal aging and of the disease in question (disease-specific ...

the purpose of this study is to study the role of environmental determinants in entrepreneurship in the public sector. this is an applied and descriptive-correlation study. the statistical population is tehran municipality&apos;s employees and clients. a sample of 220 municipal employees and a sample of 200 citizens were selected to evaluate the role of environmental factors in entrepreneurship...