Abstract* Introduction: Chronic morphine exposure can cause addiction and affect synaptic plasticity, but the underlying neural mechanisms of this phenomenon remain unknown. Herein we used electrophysiologic approaches in hippocampal CA1 area to examine the effect of chronic morphine administration on short-term plasticity. Methods: Experiments were carried out on hippocampal slices taken f...

Superconformal electrodeposition of copper is explained by the recently developed curvature-enhanced-accelerator coverage (CEAC) model, which is based on the assumptions that 1) the local growth velocity is proportional to the surface coverage of the accelerator, or catalyst, and 2) the catalyst remains segregated at the metal/electrolyte interface during copper deposition. For growth on nonpla...

of nanocrystalline Zn1-xCoxO spinodal enrichment models Michael A. White, Tracy C. Lovejoy, Stefan T. Ochsenbein, Marjorie A. Olmstead, and Daniel R. Gamelin Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA The Center for Nanotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington ...

Forest management must change radically to maintain biodiversity. `Biodiversity' has many components, but only one has been measured unambiguously ± species richness ± although there is recently much emphasis on structural, process, and functional diversity. So we must determine exactly what aspects of biodiversity to seek, and why. A battery of suggestions about how to achieve this re-focus on...

We study the static three quark potential using lattice QCD simulation. At zero temperature, the three quark potential is extracted from the baryonic Wilson loop and fitted to the phenomenological form, the sum of the Coulomb term, linearly rising term and the constant. We compare two types of the linear term, “Y ” and “∆” type, and find that the string tension almost coincide with σQQ̄ in the f...

One possible mechanism for giant planet formation is disk instability in which the planet is formed as a result of gravitational instability in the protoplanetary disk surrounding the young star. The final composition and core mass of the planet will depend on the planet’s mass, environment and the planetesimal accretion efficiency. We calculate heavy element enrichment in a Jupiter-mass protop...

Accumulation of foliar carbohydrates is one of the most pronounced and universal changes observed in the leaves of C3 plants grown at elevated CO2 concentration (e[CO2]). Carbohydrates are both the product of photosynthetic cells and the substrate for sink metabolism. However, carbohydrates are not just substrates; and the role of carbohydrates in regulation of the expression of many plant gene...

The prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI), although difficult to define due to underreporting, is estimated to affect over 13 million Americans, and greater than 50% of residents residing in long-term care (LTC) facilities (Bennet, 2008; Earthy & Nativ, 2009; Parker, 2007). It has been estimated that the cost of UI in Canadian LTC facilities is approximately $3000.00 to $10,000.00 per year fo...