Terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) have the potential to revolutionise measurement of the three-dimensional structure of vegetation canopies for applications in ecology, hydrology and climate change. This potential has been the subject of recent research that has attempted to measure forest biophysical variables from TLS data, and make comparisons with two-dimensional data from hemispherical phot...

The contractile properties of the triceps surae were evaluated in 11 patients after unilateral fracture of the lower leg and subsequent immobilization for 135 +/- 68 days. Calf muscle cross-sectional area (plus bone: CSA) was assessed from anthropometric measurement. It was shown that the injured leg had a faster time to peak tension and increased half-relaxation time (1/2 RT); twitch force (Pt...

In the last years, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) instruments are gaining more and more importance for the 3D data acquisition for a variety of applications. However, the subsequent modelling procedures are still not standardised for the different applications and often the result of a TLS project is a registered 3D point cloud. This form of object representation is often applicable for visua...

The measurement of forces generated during locomotion is essential for the development of accurate mechanical models of animal movements. However, animals that lack a stiff skeleton tend to dissipate locomotor forces in large tissue deformation and most have complex or poorly defined substrate contacts. Under these conditions, measuring propulsive and supportive forces is very difficult. One gr...