A novel noise filtering algorithm based on averaging Intrinsic Mode Function (aIMF), which is a derivation of Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), is proposed to remove white-Gaussian noise of foreign currency exchange rates that are nonlinear nonstationary times series signals. Noise patterns with different amplitudes and frequencies were randomly mixed into the five exchange rates. A number of...

As we have seen in Chapter 1, the firing rate defined by a temporal average over many spikes of a single neuron is a concept which works well if the input is constant or changes on a time scale which is slow with respect to the size of the temporal averaging window. Sensory input in a realworld scenario, however, is never constant. Moreover reaction times are often short which indicates that ne...

Recent work in our lab has demonstrated that rats trained to associate two different reinforcement delays with two different cues will generate a scalar temporal expectation at a time between these delays when presented with the cue compound. This work demonstrates that rats will integrate distinct temporal memories at retrieval, revealing that temporal expectation need not be a veridical repre...

Various factors influence the perceived timing of visual events. Yet, little is known about the ways in which transient visual stimuli affect the estimation of the timing of other visual events. In the present study, we examined how a sudden color change of an object would influence the remembered timing of another transient event. In each trial, subjects saw a green or red disk travel in circu...

Pigeons and humans performed on a task in which spatial position and elapsed time redundantly signaled the availability of reward. On each training trial, a landmark moved steadily across a monitor screen. After a fixed amount of time and movement, reward was available for a response. On occasional unrewarded tests, the landmark moved at 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.50, or 2.00 times the training speed....

Rats were trained on a mixed fixed-interval schedule in which stimulus A (tone or light) indicated food availability after 10 s and stimulus B (the other stimulus) indicated food availability after 20 s. Testing consisted of nonreinforced probe trials in which the stimulus was A, B, or the compound AB. On single-stimulus trials, rats responded with a peak of activity around the programmed reinf...

Introduction Conclusions References

We introduce a weighted averaging method for improving the inevitable error induced by theGibbs phenomenon appearing in a spectral approximation for a discontinuous function. In the result we have a family of filters generalizing the well known Fejer filter. In addition, for high resolution recovery, we propose an adaptive filter which is competitive with the existing exponentially convergent a...