Aims. We investigate the electron temperature gradient in the galactic disk as measured by young HII regions on the basis of radio recombination lines and the corresponding gradient in planetary nebulae (PN) based on [OIII] electron temperatures. The main goal is to investigate the time evolution of the electron temperature gradient and of the radial abundance gradient, which is essentially a m...

The aim of the present study is deriving an analytical solution to incompressible thermal flow in a micro-Couette geometry in the presence of a pressure gradient using Burnett equations with first- and second-order slip boundary conditions. The lower plate of the micro-Couette structure is stationary, whereas the upper plate moves at a constant velocity. Non-dimensional axial velocity and tempe...

The effect of lid closure and opening upon the ocular temperature gradient was studied in the rabbit eye by determining the changes in temperature of the anterior surface of the central cornea, the pupillary area of the anterior chamber, and the midiris area of the posterior chamber. With lid closure the temperature of all three areas rose to a similar level of 37.7° C. so that the ocular tempe...

Tropopause temperatures (TPTs) control the amount of stratospheric water vapour, which influences chemistry, radiation and circulation in the stratosphere, and is also an important driver of surface climate. Decadal variability and long-term trends in tropical TPTs as well as stratospheric water vapour are largely unknown. Here, we present for the first time evidence, from reanalysis and state-...

In this study, the effect of the tube material on the thermal stress generated in a vertical shell and tube heat exchanger is investigated. Shell and tube heat exchangers are the most common heat exchangers used in industries. One of the most common failures in these exchangers in the industry is the tube failure at the junction of the tube to tubesheet. When the shell side and the tube side fl...

Battery impedance is essential to the management of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles (EVs), and impedance characterization can help to monitor and predict the battery states. Many studies have been undertaken to investigate impedance characterization and the factors that influence impedance. However, few studies regarding the influence of the internal temperature gradient, which is c...

Establishment of a near-linear temperature gradient in an incubator has been accomplished by the application of heat to one terminus of a conducting body, normally a metal bar, and the removal of heat from the other terminus of the conducting body. Such incubators have been complex and unwieldy because of the need for mechanical refrigeration. We have described a simplified temperature gradient...

Effects of low central fuelling on density and ion temperature profiles have been investigated using negative ion based neutral beam injection and electron cyclotron heating (ECH) in reversed shear plasmas on JT-60U. Strong internal transport barrier (ITB) was maintained in density and ion temperature profiles, when central fuelling was decreased by switching positive ion based neutral beam inj...