background: west nile virus (wnv) is a vector-borneagent that is maintained within a bird-mosquito cycle. in humansand equids, infection by this agent is usually asymptomatic, orcharacterized by a mild febrile illness. however, fatal meningoencephalitisor encephalitis may occur. objectives:the aim ofthis study was to evaluate the prevalence of wnvinfection andcorrelation of this organism with h...

In terms of Horse by Nobuo Kojima, the previous research basically revealed theme novel discussing symbolic meaning “house” and “horse”. The fundamental premise such is to regard as a holistic novel, but in fact, it combination two separate works, House Horse. With background mind, study allows us have clear grasp development work. This paper focuses on analysis Home, part Horse, explore root c...

Horse shoe shaped lipoma of the upper extremity is a very rare entity. We present a case of 45 years old female who presented with painless progressive swelling over the distal forearm and tingling and numbness over the ulnar nerve territory. MRI and surgical exploration showed a horse shoe shaped multilobulated lipoma encasing the distal ulna. The mass was excised in toto, and the sensory alte...

This study aims to identify the types of ticks, calculate prevalence tick infestations, preferences for body part infestations and sex in horses Pinabetengan Raya Village, West Tompaso District, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province. research was carried out one month (thirty days) on 50 horses. Ticks are collected manually using tweezers sequence starting from head, neck, back, abdomen, gr...

ultrasonography is a relatively easy, safe and non-invasive examination method which can be used in diagnosis of ocular disorders as complementary to routine ophthalmic examinations. as there has been no collated study undertaken on the normal measurements of ocular structures in caspian miniature horse, obtaining these measurements could be a benchmark to diagnose some of the diseases and eye ...

epulis is a benign neoplasms of the oral cavity, derived from the periodontal ligament or connective tissue, occur commonly in dogs and rare in cats. however, it is very rare in horse. the tumor can be very large to interfere with normal mastication. several forms of epulides can histologically be distinguished in dogs. fibromatous epulis microscopically characterized by a dense well vasculariz...

The paternal origins of Thoroughbred racehorses trace back to a handful of Middle Eastern stallions, imported to the British Isles during the seventeenth century. Yet, few details of the foundation mares were recorded, in many cases not even their names (several different maternal lineages trace back to 'A Royal Mare'). This has fuelled intense speculation over their origins. We examined mitoch...

This article examines the recently completed equid ethogram and shows how analogues of social interactions between horses may occur in various human-horse interactions. It discusses how some specific horse-horse interactions have a corresponding horse-human interaction - some of which may be directly beneficial for the horse while others may be unusual or even abnormal. It also shows how corres...