Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for developing communication services comprises from two parts; CAPital EXpenditure (CAPEX) and OPerational EXpenditure (OPEX). These two types of costs are interrelated and affect any service provider’s deployment strategy. In many traditional methods, selection of critical elements of a new service is performed in a heuristic manner aimed at reducing only the OPE...

This paper addresses the mixed integer reliability redundancy allocation problems to determine simultaneous allocation of optimal reliability and redundancy level of components based on three objective goals. System engineering principles suggest that the best design is the design that maximizes the system operational effectiveness and at the same time minimizes the total cost of ownership (TCO...

ZnO+Ga2O3 functionally graded thin films (FGTFs) were examined for their potential use as Solar cell and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). FGTF transparent conducting oxides (TCO) were fabricated by combinatorial RF magnetron sputtering. The composition gradient was controlled up to 10% by changing the plasma power of the two sputter guns. A Ga2O3+ZnO graded region was placed on the top la...

MRP20 (N-(2(1H pyrolylmethyl]N'-(4-pentene-3-one-2] ethane-1,2-diamine) complexes with technetium-99m, yielding a neutral, lipophilic species. This compound has been characterized as [TcO(MRP20)]. Biologic investigation of [99mTc][TcO(MRP20)] in female rats showed 2.35% ID in the brain 30 min p.i. with no significant wash-out over 3 hr. A single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) study...

Highly conductive In-doped CdO/Sn-doped In2O3 (CIO/ITO) bilayer transparent conducting oxide (TCO) thin films were prepared by combining, in sequence, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and ion-assisted deposition (IAD) techniques. The bilayer substrates, with a low In content of ∼19 atom % and a low sheet resistance of only ∼4.9 Ω/0, were investigated as anodes in the bulk-heteroj...

Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) [AZO] is a good candidate to be used as a transparent conducting oxide [TCO]. For solar cells having a hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide [a-SiC:H] or hydrogenated amorphous silicon [a-Si:H] window layer, the use of the AZO as TCO results in a deterioration of fill factor [FF], so fluorine-doped tin oxide (Sn02:F) [FTO] is usually preferred as a TCO. In th...

Topology control is one of the main techniques that can be used to decrease energy expenditure and/or interference in wireless sensor networks. Less attention, however, has been devoted to algorithms that address energy and interference efficiency together. In this paper, we describe a localized topology control algorithm called TCO which is very efficient in terms of interference while minimiz...

Ascending genital infection is one of the main causes for late abortions or early premature births. The Early Total Cervix Occlusion (ETCO) is an early preventive measure for women with a history of ≥ 2 late abortions or early premature births (< 32+0 gw). The operative technique, own results, as well as results from a multicenter-investigation undertaken in Germany are discussed. In both evalu...