Causal models are used to predict individuals' probability judgments on the taxicab problem of Tversky and Kahneman (1982). Predictions are based on the hypothesis that judgments take into account only those variables that are judged causally relevant. Two versions of the problem were tested, one with and one without causally-relevant base rates. The results showed that causal models were able ...

In this work we study the issue of geodesic extendibility on complete and locally compact metric length spaces. We focus geometric structure space $(\Sigma (X),d_H)$ balls endowed with Hausdorff distance give an explicit isometry between closed half-space $ X\times \mathbb{R}_{\ge 0}$ a taxicab metric. Among applications establish group $\mbox{Iso} (X,d)$ (\Sigma when $(X,d)$ is Hadamard space.

It is well known that G. H. Hardy travelled in a taxicab numbered 1729 to an English nursing home to visit his bedridden colleague S. Ramanujan. Hardy was disappointed that his cab had such a mundane number, but to his surprise when he mentioned this to Ramanujan, the brilliant Indian mathematician found 1729 to be quite interesting, for it is the smallest integer that has two distinct represen...

The leading economic explanation for tipping –that is, explanation why the practice is socially beneficial, not why individuals leave tips even though it is not narrowly advantageous to them– is that it confers an incentive to provide personal services. This fits many instances in which tipping is common but does not fit the taxicab business very well. We propose two novel explanations of tippi...