In a recent paper Hensher and Houghton (2003) presented a formal economic framework for establishing an incentive-based performance contract regime to determine value for money in subsidy support for the provision of bus services. An important feature of the performance-based contract (PBC) regime is a passenger tripbased incentive payment scheme linked to user and environmental externality ben...

Background and Context Maize, the main staple crop remains the dominant crop among smallholder farmers in Malawi. Smallholder farmers devote almost 70 percent of their land to maize cultivation, and maize availability in the country de nes the food security situation of the country. Smallholder agriculture in Malawi has been characterized by low productivity, low technology and labour intensive...

China launched the Grassland Ecological Subsidy Policy in 2011 for restoring grassland ecology by paying pastoralists to downsize stocking on degraded grasslands and compensate their income loss from livestock reduction. The policy, largest payment ecosystem services program targeting pastoralism world, has been so far through two 5-year stages: 2015 with a subsidy at 1.5 CNY per standard mu ye...

Many new products presumed to be privately beneficial to the poor have a high price elasticity of demand and ultimately zero take-up rate at market price. This has led governments and donors to provide subsidies to increase take-up, with the concern of trying to limit their cost. In this study, we use data from a two-year field experiment in rural China to define the optimum subsidy scheme that...

Reform of the bus sector has been occurring in many countries. One matter central to these reform initiatives is the establishment of a value for money (VM) regime to ensure that operators deliver to the market the best possible service levels consistent with stakeholder needs, and especially with the objectives of government. A key underlying feature of VM is identifying the benefit to society...

Abstract This paper assesses to which degree housing purchase subsidies are capitalized into property prices. Using a large-scale micro-dataset on German house prices, I exploit the introduction of new subsidy scheme in state Bavaria. My difference-in-difference estimations at Bavarian interstate border indicate that prices single-family homes increased by approximately 10,000 euros more region...

Purpose This research investigates how subsidy programs in Vietnam's residential electricity market affect consumers' well-being. Design/methodology/approach Two perspectives are employed: cash transfer and quantity-based subsidy. The effectiveness of is measured three ways: benefit incidence, beneficiary incidence materiality. established under the increasing block rate pricing, with first two...