This paper addresses the potential for using economic regulation, e.g. taxes or subsidies, as instruments to combat the increasing problems of inappropriate diets, leading to health problems such as obesity, diabetes 2, cardiovascular diseases etc. in most countries. Such policy measures may be considered as alternatives or supplements to other regulation instruments, including information camp...

The article analyses the interaction of proposed new Foreign Subsidies Regulation with other existing instruments under EU law and international agreements that deal or regulate subsidies from non-EU sources their effects in EU. analysis looks at relationship with, particular, competition, State aid, public procurement countervailing duty rules, as well a number agreements. conclusion is concur...

A comprehensive tax and benefit incidence analysis is presented covering the redistributive fiscal instruments implemented in Mexico in 2008 and 2010, representative of the urban and rural sectors, as well as nationally. The expansion of basic social programs and effectively targeted direct monetary transfers have increased the progressivity of Mexico ́s fiscal system in recent years, but redist...

A Welfare-to-Work (WTW) program is a scheme of government expenditures on “passive” (unemployment compensation, social assistance) and “active” (job search monitoring, training, wage subsidies) labor market policies targeted to the unemployed. This paper studies the optimal WTW program as a recursive contract between a cost-minimizing government and a worker whose human capital depreciates duri...

States have long been the testing ground for new models of health care and coverage. Section 1332 of the Affordable Care Act, which takes effect in less than two years, throws open the door to innovation by authorizing states to rethink the law's coverage designs. Under State Innovation Waivers, states can modify the rules regarding covered benefits, subsidies, insurance marketplaces, and indiv...

We develop a new model of trade in which educational institutions drive comparative advantage and determine the distribution of human capital within and across countries. Our framework exploits a multiplicity of sectors and the continuous support of human capital choices to demonstrate that freer trade can induce crowding out of the middle occupations towards the skill acquisition extremes in o...

We develop a new model of trade in which educational institutions drive comparative advantage and determine the distribution of human capital within and across countries. Our framework exploits a multiplicity of sectors and the continuous support of human capital choices to demonstrate that freer trade can induce crowding out of the middle occupations towards the skill acquisition extremes in o...

We analyze alternative designs for Advanced Market Commitment (AMC) programs to stimulate the development of new vaccine markets. We show that the initial mechanism proposed for these programs provides inefficient investment incentives, but a small modification that ties subsidies to committed supply increases efficiency. We also analyze the role of price ceilings, supplier competition and the ...

BACKGROUND Vaccination is generally considered to be the best primary prevention measure against influenza virus infection. Many countries encourage specific target groups of people to undertake vaccination, often with financial subsidies or a priority list. To understand differential patterns of national target groups for influenza vaccination before, during and after the 2009 influenza pandem...

In many European countries and elsewhere, governments rely on employment subsidies and cuts in employers’ social security contributions to improve the employment prospects of the long-term unemployed and other vulnerable groups in the labour market. Policy makers often justify this strategy by referring to theoretical analyses and simulations which suggest that such measures have strong positiv...