The periwinkle with the scientific name of Catharanthus roseus is one of the most important ornamental plants of the Apocynaceae family. In order to evaluate the effect of different waters on the amount of the nutrient elements in soil and aerial parts of Catharanthus roseus, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted in 3 replications. Experimental treatments we...

The relevance of deionized water as a control treatment in vase life experiments and the effects of major tap water components on cut flower water balance were investigated. Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema x grandiflorum Tzvelev cv. Cassa) was used in all experiments. Deionized water gave a sharp decrease in fresh weight of the cut flowers after 1–3 days. This decrease was absent in tap water. Afte...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the bacterial cleanliness of tap water in a large accident and emergency (A&E) department for its possible use in the cleansing and irrigation of open traumatic wounds. METHODS Tap water samples were collected from different areas within the department and analysed on two separate occasions for coliforms, S aureus, clostridia, pseudomonas, and beta haemolytic streptoc...

This study was designed to compare the infection rates of simple lacerations irrigated with tap water versus sterile normal saline before repair. Patients with simple lacerations to an extremity that were less than 8 hours from injury were prospectively enrolled. Exclusions from the study were: dog bites, hand lacerations, immunocompromised patients, and those on antibiotics at the time of inju...

This study investigated the antibacterial effect of electrolyzed water on oral bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. Tap water was electrolyzed in a water vessel using platinum cell technology. The electrolyzed tap water (called Puri-water) was put in contact with five major periodontopathogens or toothbrushes contaminated with these bacteria for 30 sec. In addition, Puri-water was used as a mout...

4. Wang HY, Li Y, Xu AQ, Zhang Y, Tao ZX, Liu GF, et al. Identifi cation and phylogenic analysis of Coxsackie-virus B5 during an outbreak of aseptic meningitis in Shandong [in Chinese]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2010;31:64–8. 5. Lukashev AN. Role of recombination in evolution of enteroviruses. Rev Med Virol. 2005;15:157–67. http://dx.doi. org/10.1002/rmv.457 6. Oberste MS, Penaranda S,...

Narrative: Various solutions are available for use in wound irrigation. It has been suggested that normal saline may be preferable because of its isotonicity and sterility. This review examines tap water as an alternative to normal saline for wound cleansing and prevention of subsequent infection. A Cochrane review, including three studies of adults and two studies of children, compared the rat...

Society’s preference for bottled water mainly comes from a dislike of the mildly pungent taste and odor of tap water. Such odor and taste may be caused by chlorine residual (in the form of free chlorine or chloramines), which is maintained in a water distribution system to prevent regrowth of microorganisms and is thus present in tap water. To encourage individuals who drink bottled water to sh...

1. The acid-base status of the blood of the toad Bufo viridis was studied during adaptation to high salinity and in tap water containing amiloride. 2. Both salt adaptation and immersion for 2-3 days in 5 x io" M amiloride in tap water resulted in a decrease in blood pH (from 7720 ± 0-026 in tap water to 7-4561 0-051 in 500 mOsm NaCl-adapted toads; mean ± S.E.), and a simultaneous decrease in th...